Title
Vda. de Alcantara vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 114762
Decision Date
Jan 29, 1996
Dispute over property ownership involving a Pacto de Retro Sale and Deed of Extrajudicial Partition; SC upheld Pacto de Retro Sale's validity, ruling it prevails over unproven prior transfer.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 236827)

Background of the Case

The factual backdrop involves a sale with a right of repurchase (pacto de retro sale) executed on September 7, 1983, by Leona C. Vda. de Alfonso in favor of the plaintiffs (petitioners), claiming they had ownership rights over half of the really estate in question. The subsequent dispute centers on the defendants' claims about the validity of this sale, asserting that Leona did not have the authority to sell due to already transferring ownership through previous documentation.

Legal Issues Presented

The primary legal issues at stake involve determining the rightful ownership of the property in light of conflicting claims, specifically whether the sale con pacto de retro is valid, and whether it constitutes an equitable mortgage. The underlying questions also included whether the pacto de retro sale should be upheld over an earlier extrajudicial partition agreement.

Trial Court Findings

The trial court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, determining that the transaction constituted a valid sale con pacto de retro despite the defendants' claims to the contrary. Critical to this conclusion was the assessment of the circumstances surrounding the sale, including the lack of possession by the vendor after the sale, and the plaintiffs' demonstrated efforts to pursue possession of the property after the expiration of the repurchase period.

Court of Appeals Ruling

The Court of Appeals upheld the trial court's ruling, emphasizing that the evidence presented was overwhelmingly in favor of the validity of the pacto de retro sale. The appellate court noted that all essential elements of an equitable mortgage were absent and highlighted the fact that the intention to enter a contract of sale with a right of repurchase was clear. Notably, the appellate court found no supporting evidence that the petitioners were engaged in a loan transaction.

Registration and Title Issues

A significant aspect of the appeal involved the legality of the registration of the pacto de retro sale versus a prior extrajudicial partition. The courts confirmed that registration itself does not automatically validate ownership; instead, actual possession and the procedural fulfillment of registration requirements are vital. In this case, the defendants failed to produce previous deeds that purported to transfer ownership correctly, thereby supporting the plaintiffs' claims.

Conclusion of Legal Analysis

Ultimately, the Court ruled that the sale con pacto

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