Title
Supreme Court
Urban Bank, Inc. vs. Pena
Case
G.R. No. 145817
Decision Date
Oct 19, 2011
Urban Bank contested Peña's claim for PhP28.5M over property recovery services. SC ruled PhP3M based on unjust enrichment, rejecting oral agency claims, absolved officers of liability, and ordered restitution for improper execution pending appeal.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 145817)

Procedural History and Issues

Initially, the case entailed a claim by PeAa for compensation and costs, leading to demands for a judgment amounting to PhP28.5 million based on an alleged oral contract of agency. The regional trial court (RTC) awarded him a total of PhP28,500,000, which included attorney's fees and reimbursement of expenses. This award was contested by Urban Bank and its officers, leading to an appeal where the Court of Appeals (CA) reduced the total to PhP3,000,000 based on unjust enrichment rather than an agency agreement.

Analysis of Claims and Competing Views

The core contention centered around whether an agency contract existed and the proper compensation due. The trial court upheld PeAa’s assertion of a telephone agreement with Urban Bank’s president, asserting that he engaged in valuable services that warranted the original high fee. In contrast, the CA rejected this in favor of the unjust enrichment principle, indicating that while PeAa rendered services, the award should be substantially lower due to insufficient contractual basis.

Findings on Agency Relationship

The Supreme Court ultimately concluded that while an agency relationship existed, it was characterized by conflicting roles, where PeAa acted for both ISCI and Urban Bank during events leading to the turnover of the Pasay property. The Court identified the primary basis for compensation should be the principle of quantum meruit, recognizing PeAa's entitlement to payment for services rendered, yet deemed the original PhP24 million claim exaggerated and largely without contractual support.

The Liability of Urban Bank and its Officers

The Court further assessed the implications of Urban Bank's corporate structure regarding liabilities. It affirmatively noted that absent evidence of gross negligence or bad faith by Urban Bank's directors and officers, they could not be held personally liable for the corporation's obligations arising from PeAa's agency relationship. Consequently, the individual officers were exonerated from the judgment.

Execution Pending Appeal and Its Consequences

The proceedings included a contentious grant of execution pending appeal, allowing for the levying of Urban Bank’s assets to satisfy PeAa's claims before the appeals were resolved. Both the RTC and CA's decisions were reviewed, with the Supreme Court ultimately vacating the RTC's prior decision that allowed high monetary claims, reflecting the chaotic circumstances surrounding the execution process. The Court issued detailed corrective instructions regarding the restitution of properties wrongfully acquired under execution pending appeal, emphasizing proper judicial conduct during such extraordinary remedies.

Restitution Orders and Implications

In light of the Supreme Court's find

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