Title
Supreme Court
Unimasters Conglomeration, Inc. vs. Tacloban City Government
Case
G.R. No. 214195
Decision Date
Mar 23, 2022
LPHI co-owned by PMO, PTA, and Leyte Province leased to UCI. UCI defaulted on rent and taxes. CTA ruled UCI liable for realty taxes under beneficial use principle; SC affirmed, citing statutory obligation over contractual terms.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 214195)

Facts

The property in question spans 61,322 square meters located on Magsaysay Boulevard, Tacloban City, and is governed by Transfer Certificate of Title No. T-1883. UCI entered into a Contract of Lease with APT on September 15, 1994, which stipulates that real property taxes are the responsibility of the lessor, and any taxes paid by the lessee would be credited toward their rental payments. Initially compliant with its rental and tax payments, UCI ceased its obligations starting December 16, 2000, leading to a series of demand letters from the PMO. Despite the expiration of the lease contract without settlement of dues, UCI continued to possess the premises without making payments.

Tax Collection Action

The City Treasurer of Tacloban initiated a collection case against LPHI, UCI, APT, PTA, and the Province of Leyte in the Court of Tax Appeals (CTA) for unpaid real property taxes amounting to approximately P65,969,406.74, covering the years 1989 to 2012. The CTA found UCI liable for P22,826,902.20 in realty taxes. UCI's motion for reconsideration was denied, prompting an appeal to the CTA En Banc, which upheld UCI's tax liability for 1995 to 2004.

Legal Principles Applied

The CTA En Banc ruled that real property taxes attach to the property and are chargeable against the entity that has actual or beneficial use, regardless of ownership status. Section 234 (a) of the Local Government Code provides that properties owned by the Republic are exempt from taxation unless beneficial use is granted to a taxable entity. Therefore, UCI, as a beneficiary under the lease, bears responsibility for the unpaid taxes irrespective of the government entities’ original tax exemption status.

Appellate Arguments

UCI contended that the local government units had contractually assumed the tax liabilities per their lease agreement, arguing that the beneficial use principle should not strip the Republic and its instrumentalities of their tax exemption. UCI invoked past rulings, claiming that the Republic, through PMO, PTA, and the Province of Leyte, should be bound to pay taxes unless they specifically waived this in the contract.

Court's Affirmation

The Supreme Court upheld the lower court's ruling, emphasizing that while the contract may state the lessor's obligation to pay property taxes, it cannot override the tax liabilities imposed by law due to the lapse of exemptions when beneficial use is transferred to a private entity. The Court referenced established jurispr

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