Title
People vs Tobias
Case
G.R. No. 6540
Decision Date
Sep 6, 1911
Auxiliary justice of the peace Tobias failed to forward case documents and P16 deposit, concealing them, causing injury; convicted of "faithlessness in custody of documents."

Case Summary (G.R. No. 6540)

Case Background

Cayetano Tobias was charged with "faithlessness in the custody of documents" under Article 360 of the Penal Code. This charge stemmed from his alleged concealment and destruction of documents related to a civil case between Leocadio Aguirre, the plaintiff, and Alejo Anupol, the defendant in that case. When Aguirre's decision was appealed, Tobias was tasked with forwarding the case records and a bond of P16 to the Court of First Instance; however, he failed to do so, leading to serious repercussions for the involved parties and the public.

Findings of Fact

The evidence presented established several key facts: Tobias was indeed functioning as an auxiliary justice in October 1907, during which time he rendered a decision favoring Aguirre. Following this decision, Anupol appealed and deposited the requisite P16 bond with Tobias. The defendant claimed to have handed the documents to a third party, Nazario Cando, for delivery to the court. However, Cando denied receiving them, and Tobias could not provide any documentation or receipt to support his assertion. Ultimately, the necessary documents were never received by the clerk of the Court of First Instance.

Procedural History

Upon discovering the loss of their appeal documentation, Anupol initiated an administrative inquiry that resulted in Tobias being prosecuted. Notably, Tobias failed to report the case between Aguirre and Anupol in a list of pending cases he submitted at the end of his term, an omission that raised further suspicions regarding his integrity and actions.

Judicial Analysis

The trial court, upon evaluating the testimonies and evidence, deemed Tobias's claims untrustworthy and concluded that he had willfully concealed the case records. The definition of the crime under Article 360 of the Penal Code requires the presence of four elements, including that the accused was a public officer and that his actions resulted in injury to a third party or the public. All necessary elements were established against Tobias, confirming his guilt for faithlessness in the custody of documents rather than the crime of estafa, as argued by his counsel.

Sentencing and Appeals

The trial court sentenced Tobias to one year and nine months of imprisonment, with ancillary penalties including a financial reparation to Anupol, subsidiary imprisonment for insolvency, and disqualification from public office for a duration of twelve years.

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