Title
People vs Razon
Case
G.R. No. L-13333
Decision Date
Mar 21, 1918
A tenant farmer, accused of violating the Chattel Mortgage Law by selling mortgaged palay without consent, was acquitted due to insufficient evidence and ambiguous mortgage terms, with the Court ruling the dispute civil, not criminal.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-13333)

Allegations and Charges

On July 3, 1917, Razon and Tayag were charged with violating sections 10 and 12 of the Chattel Mortgage Law, specifically alleging that they disposed of a portion of the mortgaged property without the mortgagee's consent. The case was brought before the Court of First Instance of Tarlac, leading to a trial limited to Razon after a demurrer favoring Tayag.

Court Findings and Sentencing

The trial court found Brigido Razon guilty of noncompliance with the mortgage conditions and sentenced him to a fine of P4,295, along with subsidiary imprisonment if he proved to be insolvent.

Applicable Law

The Chattel Mortgage Law, under Act No. 1508, stipulates that a mortgagor cannot sell or pledge mortgaged property without written consent from the mortgagee. Violations of this provision carry specific penalties, illustrating the law's protection of mortgagee interests.

Evidentiary Issues

Razon raised several assignments of error regarding evidentiary matters:

  1. Sufficiency of Evidence: The appellant contended that the mortgage amount was not a liquidated debt due but merely gross indebtedness subject to deductions for prior payments.
  2. Admissibility of Evidence: Razon disputed the admission of a summary of accounts, claiming it was hearsay and improperly introduced. The court upheld the trial judge's discretion, suggesting that rebuttal evidence is permissible if not prejudicial.

Distinction Between Confessions and Admissions

The court clarified the legal distinction between confessions and admissions, determining that Razon's statements regarding the sale of palay were admissions, not confessions, and thus were validly included as evidence.

Proving the Corpus Delicti

Razon also argued that there was insufficient evidence to establish that the disposed palay belonged to the mortgage. The court ruled that the mortgage suggested potential interest in the growing crop, and while the exact quantity of palay harvested was unclear, there was potential for liability under the mortgage terms.

Amount of Palay Harvester Disputed

The court examined the evidence regarding the amount of palay harvested, establishing that Razon could only claim a specific share after accounting for the portions owed to Liongson and the thrasher. The court emphasized the necessity for credible evidence in

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