Title
People vs Barroga
Case
G.R. No. 6516
Decision Date
Jan 10, 1912
Five men charged with robbery in Vigan, 1910; three convicted for simple robbery, two acquitted due to insufficient evidence; nighttime and dwelling as aggravating factors.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 6516)

Facts of the Case

During the described incident, the four assailants requested water from the occupants, after which they violently attacked them, leading to physical injuries for Benita Manuel and the theft of a locked trunk containing money and valuables. The assailants were later apprehended, and following a trial, the Court of First Instance of Ilocos Sur convicted the five defendants of robbery (robo en cuadrilla) and imposed a sentence of eight years and one day of presidio mayor along with accessory penalties and restitution.

Legal Classification of the Crime

The court determined that the crime constituted robbery as defined under articles 502 and 503, No. 5 of the Penal Code. The evidence showed that the assailants assaulted the dwelling during the owners' absence, inflicted harm on the victims, and took the property outside to be hidden, which fulfilled the statutory requirements for robbery.

Findings on Robbery En Cuadrilla

The court ultimately ruled against classifying the crime as robbery en cuadrilla because it was not established that more than one of the defendants was armed. The requirement under Article 505 calls for at least four armed individuals, which was not met as only one assailant was observed wielding a stick.

Injuries Inflicted and Their Legal Classification

The injuries sustained by Benita Manuel were classified as lesiones menos graves (less grave injuries), which influenced the severity of the charges. A medical examination confirmed these injuries and established that she suffered from a broken forearm and other physical trauma.

Evidence Against the Defendants

Despite claims of innocence from some defendants, the court found confessions made by Lucas Villaros and Proceso Ramos to municipal authorities compelling, alongside their identification by Ruperta Longino. The lack of evidence supporting claims of maltreatment during these confessions led the court to deem them valid and voluntary.

Weight of Confessions and Identification

The credibility of the confessions was further bolstered by the absence of physical evidence contradicting their validity. Moreover, jewelry identified as stolen was discovered in Barroga's possession, affirming his involvement in the crime. The court stated that complaints pertaining to maltreatment were not sufficiently supported and highlighted the voluntary nature of their admissions.

Acquittal of Certain Defendants

In contrast, the court found insufficient evidence to implicate defendants Pedro Alisias and Lucas Barroga. Alisias' involvement was primarily based on circumstantial evidence, while Barroga's alleged confession did not implicate him adequately in the crime, nor

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