Title
Trinidad vs. Orient Protective Assurance Association
Case
G.R. No. 45517
Decision Date
Apr 5, 1939
A widow claims life insurance benefits after her husband's death; insurer denies due to late premium payment. Court rules in her favor, citing waiver of forfeiture clause and strict construction against insurers.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 176898)

Factual Background

Andres Trinidad applied for membership in the Orient Protective Assurance Association on February 18, 1935, and was issued a life benefit certificate. His membership required payment of an entrance fee and contributions upon the death of a member, with a specified payout scale based on the timing of the death. Andres Trinidad died on January 3, 1936. Following his death, Tarcila notified the association, which sent the necessary forms to file a claim. The association later informed Tarcila that the benefit certificate had been forfeited due to Andres' failure to pay the premium on time.

Procedural History

Tarcila was permitted by the Court of First Instance of Manila to pursue her action as a pauper. She filed a complaint on February 26, 1936, seeking the recovery of P 500 plus legal interest. The defendant responded with a general and specific denial. Following a trial, the lower court ruled in favor of Tarcila on September 26, 1936. The defendant's subsequent motion for a new trial was denied, and although the case was appealed, the lower court granted Tarcila's motion for immediate execution of its judgment on January 21, 1937.

Legal Issues

The primary legal question centers on whether Tarcila has the right to recover the insurance proceeds given the appellant's claim of forfeiture due to the late payment of premiums and the claimed cause of death exempting liability. The association contended that the premium call had been issued timely, and Andres had until December 31, 1935, to pay. However, Tarcila's testimony indicated that a payment of P 2 was made on January 2, 1936, after a delay caused by Andres's serious illness. The payment was accepted by the association without return.

Court's Analysis

The court noted that the acceptance of the late premium payment constitutes a waiver of the right to enforce automatic forfeiture against the beneficiary. Relevant case law supports the principle that conditions leading to forfeiture should be construed in favor of the policyholder and adversely for the insurer.

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