Title
Tatel vs. JLFP Investigation and Security Agency, Inc.
Case
G.R. No. 206942
Decision Date
Dec 9, 2015
Security guard filed underpayment and illegal dismissal claims; court ruled no constructive dismissal or abandonment, ordered reinstatement without monetary claims.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 206942)

Applicable Law

The case is adjudicated under the provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution and relevant provisions in the Labor Code of the Philippines, particularly concerning illegal dismissal, employee rights to security of tenure, and the concept of abandonment of work.

Factual Background

Tatel was employed by JLFP as a security guard in 1998 and worked twelve hours a day for a salary of P12,400. He filed a complaint for underpayment against JLFP and its officers on October 14, 2009. Shortly thereafter, on October 24, 2009, he was placed on "floating status," leading him to file a separate complaint for illegal dismissal on May 4, 2010. The respondents contended that Tatel was removed from his post due to multiple infractions and was reassigned before his claim of abandonment. A November 26, 2009 memorandum directed him to report back to work, which Tatel claimed he did not receive, leading to assertions from respondents that he abandoned his employment.

Labor Arbiter's Ruling

The Labor Arbiter ruled on September 20, 2010, dismissing Tatel's illegal dismissal claim due to his inconsistent statements regarding employment details. This decision was appealed to the NLRC.

NLRC Ruling

On February 9, 2011, the NLRC reversed the Labor Arbiter's decision, declaring Tatel illegally dismissed and directing his reinstatement, along with various monetary awards. The NLRC reasoned that Tatel's long tenure did not support a claim of abandonment, noting the absence of substantial evidence from the respondents.

CA Ruling

The Court of Appeals, on November 14, 2012, reversed the NLRC, reinstating the Labor Arbiter’s decision and stating that Tatel's inconsistent statements undermined his claims. The CA held that the reassignment from SKI to IPVG further proved he was not dismissed and ruled that Tatel’s failure to respond to the November 26 memorandum indicated abandonment.

Proceedings Before the Supreme Court

The Court ruled on February 25, 2015, recognizing Tatel’s constructive dismissal and reinstating the NLRC decision, affirming his claim for backwages and other payments due to the lack of valid dismissal.

Motion for Reconsideration

Respondents filed a motion for reconsideration on grounds that Tatel's status and actions constituted abandonment rather than dismissal. Tatel countered the motion, asserting that the Court’s decision was well-founded and procedurally sound.

Court's Ruling on Motion for Reconsideration

The Supreme Court ruled that the employer bears the burden to prove that an employee was not dismissed or, if dismissed, that the dismissal was lawful. The Court revisited the facts, emphasizing that Tatel received a return-to-work memorandum on November 26, 200

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