Title
Tango vs. Pano
Case
G.R. No. L-45157
Decision Date
Jun 27, 1985
Student denied re-enrollment due to academic deficiencies, bribery attempt, and refusal to explain; mandamus petition dismissed.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-45157)

Background of the Case

Mely Tangonan was initially admitted to the Capitol Medical Center School of Nursing in May 1975 on a probationary basis, contingent upon the submission of valid academic records. After attending two semesters, during which she failed a key course, she attempted to cross-enroll in another school. Reports of her unethical conduct surfaced, including an attempt to bribe a dean for enrollment. These issues ultimately led to her denial of re-admission at the Capitol Medical Center School of Nursing.

Procedural History

After an unsuccessful attempt to address her admission issues, petitioner Tangonan filed for a writ of mandamus in the Court of First Instance of Rizal seeking to compel the school to allow her re-enrollment. The court initially issued an order accommodating her admission; however, the school contested this and presented evidence of her violations, including her failure to meet academic standards. The matter subsequently went to a pre-trial conference, where it became clear that the central issue was one of law rather than fact.

Issues Presented

The Supreme Court addressed three main issues:

  1. Whether the lower court erred in acting without a formal hearing.
  2. Whether mandamus was an appropriate remedy given the circumstances of her enrollment refusal.
  3. The conformity of the respondents’ decisions with existing laws and regulations.

Decision of the Court

The Court found no merit in petitioner Tangonan's claims. It ruled that she did not have a clear legal right to compel the school to admit her, as the decision involved the school's discretion in determining student suitability for enrollment. The Court emphasized that institutions have the autonomy to set admission standards, especially in professions such as nursing that carry significant implications for public safety and welfare.

Analysis of Mandamus as a Remedy

In evaluating the application for mandamus, the Court highlighted that such writs serve to compel the performance of a clear legal duty. The Court determined that the decision of the school not to readmit Tangonan lay within its discretionary authority due to her prior academic failures and ethical violations. The Court underscored that schools have the right to reject admission based on academic inadequacies and violations of their regulations.

Academic Freedom and Its Implications

The ruling reaffirmed the principle

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