Title
Superlines Transportation Co., Inc. vs. Philippine National Construction Co.
Case
G.R. No. 169596
Decision Date
Mar 28, 2007
A bus owned by Superlines crashed into PNCC's radio room, was impounded, and denied release without payment. Superlines sued for replevin, claiming illegal seizure. SC ruled seizure unconstitutional, ordered bus return, and remanded for damages.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 169596)

Incident Summary

On December 13, 1990, a bus operated by the petitioner swerved and crashed into the radio room of PNCC while approaching the Alabang northbound exit lane. After the incident, the bus was towed to the PNCC compound for safekeeping on the request of traffic investigator Pat. Cesar Lopera due to lack of space at the accident site. The petitioner requested the release of the bus multiple times, but respondent Balubal conditioned its release on the payment of P40,000 or a collateral worth the same for the estimated cost of damages, which the petitioner contested, claiming the actual damage was only P10,000.

Legal Actions Initiated

Due to the refusal to release the bus and the dispute over damages, the petitioner filed a complaint for replevin and sought damages against the respondents. The complaint included claims for unrealized income, attorney's fees, and other litigation-related expenses. Unable to provide a bond for replevin, the petitioner decided to await the court's final judgment.

Respondents' Defense and Counterclaim

The respondents argued that they were merely acting under the order of police authorities to tow the bus for safekeeping and claimed the release was contingent upon police instructions. Additionally, they challenged the petitioner's ownership by requiring documentation that allegedly was not provided. Respondents filed a counterclaim for damages arising from their actions, amounting to over P130,000.

Trial Court and Appellate Court Decisions

On December 9, 1997, the Regional Trial Court dismissed the petitioner’s complaint and ruled in favor of the respondents' counterclaim, awarding PNCC actual damages for the repaired radio room. The petitioner appealed to the Court of Appeals, which upheld the trial court’s ruling, asserting that the towing of the bus constituted a deposit and that custody remained with the police's representative.

Procedural Issues Addressed

The Supreme Court first addressed procedural issues raised by the respondents, contending that the appeal only involved factual questions and lacked necessary documentation. However, the Court found that legal questions were indeed present regarding the right of property owners to initiate replevin actions against depositaries. It emphasized that procedural lapses should not preclude substantive justice, thus allowing for a review based on merits.

Substantive Issues on Replevin

Replevin was defined as a legal remedy for recovery of wrongfully detained personal property. The petitioner’s ownership of the bus was undisputed, leading to the examination of whether respondents wrongfully detained it. The Court contended that the impounding of the bus without lawful authority was unjustifiable, violating constitutional rights against unreasonable seizures.

Impounding Legality and Constitutional Rights

The Court found that while the appellate court noted the absence of explicit laws on impounding vehicles involved in accidents, it concluded that the seizure of the bus was unlawful, infringing on constitutional protections. The petitioner's rights to secure ownership and possession were violated

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