Title
Supreme Court
Superior Maintece Services, Inc. vs. Bermeo
Case
G.R. No. 203185
Decision Date
Dec 5, 2018
A janitor claimed constructive dismissal after being replaced due to age; SC ruled his floating status under six months did not constitute dismissal, deeming the complaint premature.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 203185)

Antecedent Facts

Superior Maintenance Services, Inc. is a manpower agency engaged in providing janitorial services. Carlos Bermeo was hired in 1991 as a janitor and worked at several establishments, with his last assignment being at Trinoma Mall, which ended on March 30, 2008. Following this, Bermeo was reassigned to French Baker at SM Marikina on August 28, 2008. However, the client requested a replacement due to Bermeo's age of 54. Consequently, on September 5, 2008, Bermeo filed a complaint for constructive dismissal against the petitioners claiming entitlement to separation pay.

Ruling of the Labor Arbiter

In a decision dated February 6, 2009, the Labor Arbiter found that Bermeo had indeed been constructively dismissed, as no work was offered to him during the pendency of the proceedings, exceeding the floating status period. The Labor Arbiter ordered Superior Maintenance to pay Bermeo ₱183,391.98 for separation pay and unpaid 13th-month pay.

Ruling of the National Labor Relations Commission

On appeal, the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) reversed the Labor Arbiter's decision, ruling that Bermeo was not constructively dismissed. The NLRC found the complaint to have been prematurely filed since his floating status did not reach the six-month threshold required for constructive dismissal. However, it affirmed the 13th-month pay award.

Ruling of the Court of Appeals

Bermeo subsequently elevated the case to the Court of Appeals through a Rule 65 petition. On March 30, 2012, the CA granted the petition, reinstating the Labor Arbiter's decision and reversing the NLRC's findings. The CA held that Bermeo was constructively dismissed and entitled to separation pay.

Issue

The primary issue addressed was whether Bermeo was constructively dismissed from his employment.

Ruling of the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Bermeo, stating that the petition was meritorious. It clarified the definition of "temporary off-detail" or "floating status," noting that it occurs when employees are between assignments due to a lack of available posts from clients. The Court referenced previous cases to explain that such temporary status must not exceed six months, beyond which employees would be considered constructively dismissed if not reassigned.

Moreover, the Supreme Court critiqued the CA's reliance on previous jurisprudence, stating that the application o

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