Title
Suelo, Jr. vs. MST Marine Services , Inc.
Case
G.R. No. 252914
Decision Date
Nov 9, 2020
A seafarer's disability claim was dismissed by lower courts due to procedural errors, but the Supreme Court ruled in his favor, emphasizing procedural flexibility and remanding the case for merits-based resolution.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 159731)

Employment and Medical Issues

On May 10, 2016, Suelo was hired under a six-month contract, receiving a basic monthly salary and additional pay for overtime and vacation leave. He commenced his duties on May 28, 2016, but on October 29, 2016, he was hospitalized due to severe health issues and was diagnosed with uncontrolled hypertension, leading to his disembarkation from the vessel on medical grounds. He subsequently returned to the Philippines.

Dispute Over Medical Treatment and Benefits

Upon returning to the Philippines on November 4, 2016, Suelo alleged that he was not allowed by the respondent to report to its Manila office and was denied access to a company-designated physician. Instead, the respondent purportedly advised him to seek medical treatment at his own expense, which he later attempted to claim reimbursement for but was denied. He subsequently filed a complaint for permanent and total disability benefits, damages, and attorney’s fees with the National Conciliation and Mediation Board (NCMB).

Respondent's Position

The respondents contended that Suelo had refused treatment with the company-designated physician, thereby forfeiting his right to claim disability benefits. They argued that Suelo was not entitled to sickness allowance or any damages due to the lack of bad faith on their part.

Voluntary Arbitrators' Ruling

The Panel of Voluntary Arbitrators issued a decision on February 18, 2019, dismissing Suelo's claims. They found that evidence showed he sought medical treatment nearly a year after disembarkation and had not submitted proof of incurred medical expenses. The panel concluded that Suelo had, in fact, rejected the offer to see a company-designated physician.

Appeals and Procedural Infirmities

Suelo filed a motion for reconsideration, received on July 12, 2019, which was denied on June 28, 2019. He subsequently filed a petition for review under Rule 43 before the Court of Appeals on August 9, 2019, following a motion for extension on July 22, 2019. The Court of Appeals dismissed the petition citing it was filed two days late and an inaccuracy in the affidavit of service regarding the manner of serving the petition to respondents.

Court of Appeals' Ruling

In its resolution on March 6, 2020, the Court of Appeals maintained that the right to appeal is not inherent and that procedural requirements must be adhered to strictly. The CA found the procedural deficiencies sufficient to render the petition dismissible, thus affirming the finality of the Voluntary Arbitrators' decision.

Supreme Court's Ruling

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Suelo, finding that the Court of Appeals erred in its dismissal of the Rule 43 Petition solely on procedural grounds. Referencing the principles established in prior cases, the Court clarified that

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