Title
Stronghold Insurance Co., Inc. vs. Pamana Island Resort Hotel and Marina Club, Inc.
Case
G.R. No. 174838
Decision Date
Jun 1, 2016
Dispute over P9M insurance bond after fire destroyed cottages; SC upheld double interest under Insurance Code, modified to 12% post-2013.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 174838)

Antecedents of the Case

The dispute arises from a sum of money action wherein Pamana and Flowtech sought claims against Stronghold through a Contractor’s All Risk Bond amounting to P9,047,960.14 following a fire incident on January 27, 1992, which destroyed construction works. The Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Makati City ruled on this matter in a decision dated October 14, 1999, holding Stronghold liable and ordering compensation for damages, legal fees, and double interest for delay in payment in violation of Section 243 of the Insurance Code.

Initial RTC Judgment

The RTC found Stronghold liable to pay Flowtech and Pamana a total amount that included principal awards, exemplary damages, attorney's fees, and imposed a double interest rate on the insurance proceeds due to the delayed response in processing the claim. Following the issuance of a writ of execution on May 12, 2005, Stronghold sought to suspend this execution through a motion arguing the interest penalties imposed were excessive.

RTC's Order and Subsequent Actions

In a subsequent order dated November 22, 2005, the RTC modified the initial judgment by recalculating the interest, limiting it to a period from the date of its October 14, 1999 decision until its finality, rather than from the date of demand. The recalculated total amount, including interest and fees, was adjusted downwards, prompting Pamana to appeal against this modification.

Ruling of the Court of Appeals (CA)

The CA, in its decision dated July 20, 2006, annulled the RTC's November order, reaffirming that the original judgment had become final and should not have been altered. The CA found that the RTC's changes constituted unlawful deviations from the final judgment, which established the parameters under which execution could be pursued.

Supreme Court's Ruling on Immutaibility of Judgments

The Supreme Court upheld the CA's decision, emphasizing the inviolability of final judgments and the impermissibility of post-judgment alterations that change essential aspects of the ruling. Such modifications, including alterations in interest rates and computation dates, must adhere strictly to the original judgment's express terms.

Applicable Rate of Interest

Determining the applicable interest rate became a point of contention, with the RTC applying a 6% rate, while the CA affirmed the need for a 12% interest under the Insurance Code's provisions. The Supreme Court sided with the CA, clarifying that the statutory provision warranted applying the higher double rate of 12% per annum on the insurance proceeds.

Effect of BSP Circular on Interest Rate

The Court highlighted that any changes regarding interest rates would adhere to BSP re

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