Title
Spouses Dela Paz vs. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
Case
G.R. No. 184849
Decision Date
Feb 13, 2009
Retired PNP officer detained in Moscow for undeclared €105,000; Senate investigation upheld by SC, ruling jurisdiction valid, arrest order compliant, and case moot.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 184849)

Factual Background

On October 11, 2008, General Dela Paz was apprehended at a Moscow airport for failing to declare a substantial amount of cash amounting to 105,000 euros along with an additional 45,000 euros found in his possession. Following this incident, both petitioners were detained for questioning and subsequently returned to the Philippines, where they were issued subpoenae by the respondent Senate Committee for a hearing scheduled on October 23, 2008.

Petition for Certiorari and Prohibition

On October 28, 2008, the petitioners filed a Petition for Certiorari and Prohibition under Rule 65 of the Rules of Court, challenging the jurisdiction of the Senate Committee and seeking to quash the subpoenas issued against them. They contended that the Committee was acting outside its jurisdiction regarding the Moscow incident and alleged violations of Senate Rules in issuing an order for their arrest.

Jurisdictional Challenges

The petitioners argued that the respondent Committee lacked jurisdiction to investigate the matter since the Moscow incident did not pertain to state-to-state relations as stipulated in the Senate Rules. They also claimed that the arrest order was invalid due to improper issuance without requisite signatures from a majority of the Committee members and asserted that the Senate Rules were not published in accordance with constitutional requirements.

Senate's Discretionary Authority

The Court noted that Article VI, Section 16(3) of the 1987 Philippine Constitution grants each House of Congress the authority to determine its own rules of proceedings. This discretionary power encompasses the formulation and adoption of rules and is generally immune to judicial scrutiny unless there is clear evidence of arbitrary exercise leading to a denial of due process. The challenge presented by the petitioners was effectively deemed a political question beyond the jurisdiction of the Court.

Validity of the Committee's Jurisdiction

The Court found that the Senate Committee acted within its jurisdiction per the specific provisions of the Senate Rules, which encompass matters relating to the Philippines’ international obligations. The Moscow incident, involving a former high-ranking official and substantial public funds, had implications affecting the country’s international standing and compliance with treaties.

Joint Legislative Inquiry

The Court outlined that the inquiry was to also involve the Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and Investigations (Blue Ribbon Committee), which is empowered to investigate matters of public interest, including potential misconduct by government officials. This corroborates that the investigation into General Dela Paz’s handling of public funds was indeed within the scope of Senate inquiry.

Legislative Orders and Publication of Rules

Post-incident, a formal order of arrest was executed following proper procedures, having multiple senato

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