Title
Romey vs. Roxas
Case
G.R. No. 47184
Decision Date
Jun 29, 1940
Vicente Romey sued Dionisio Saddie for P148; Saddie cross-claimed for unpaid rent and eviction. Municipal court ruled against Romey, but lacked jurisdiction over cross-complaint. Appeal deemed timely; execution order set aside.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 47184)

Facts of the Case

Petitioner Vicente Romey initiated a legal action in the municipal court to recover a monetary amount from respondent Dionisio Saddie. In response, Saddie filed a cross-complaint, claiming unpaid rent on a house he had leased to Romey and sought to have Romey vacate the premises. The municipal court ultimately dismissed Romey’s complaint and granted Saddie’s cross-complaint, ordering Romey to pay the owed rent and vacate the house.

Appeal and Jurisdictional Issues

Romey was notified of the municipal court's judgment on November 18, 1939, and filed his appeal on November 29, 1939. Respondent Saddie subsequently moved for the execution of the judgment based on an assertion that Romey had failed to perfect his appeal in the required time frame. The Court of First Instance found that the appeal for the dismissal of Romey’s complaint was timely, but the appeal concerning the cross-complaint was not because it involved an illegal detainer that should have been appealed within ten days.

Legal Characterization of the Cross-Complaint

Romey contended that the municipal court lacked jurisdiction to entertain Saddie’s cross-complaint because it was not adequately alleged that Romey had failed to meet the terms of the lease within the requisite timeframe. However, the evidence showed that Saddie’s cross-complaint was indeed filed after a demand had been made. The court noted that the cross-complaint was incorrectly termed a counterclaim since a counterclaim typically seeks monetary compensation only, while a cross-complaint seeks other forms of relief, such as eviction.

Court's holding on Jurisdiction

The decision indicated that inferior courts like the municipal court routinely lack the power to adjudicate cross-complaints, thereby rendered Saddie’s pleading invalid. The ruling further elaborated that allowing such a cross-complaint could provoke procedural anomalies, such as requiring Romey to file separate appeals based on multiple claims encompassed in a single judgment.

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