Title
Ricardo vs. Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Case
G.R. No. L-24045
Decision Date
Jun 19, 1979
A journalist's 1964 passport denial for travel to Red China, citing government policy, led to a mandamus petition. The Supreme Court dismissed the case as moot after diplomatic relations were established in 1975, upholding executive authority in foreign policy.
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Case Summary (G.R. No. L-24045)

Factual Background

On October 2, 1964, Percival Picardo, a reporter for the defunct Manila Chronicle and a member of the Manila Press Club, applied for a passport to travel to Hong Kong, intending ultimately to visit Red China. The application was denied by the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, citing government policy prohibiting Filipino citizens from traveling to communist-oriented countries, including Red China, specifically due to Picardo's prior invitation from a Chinese Communist representative.

Legal Proceedings Initiated

In response to the refusal, Picardo, through legal counsel, filed a petition for mandamus in the Court of First Instance, requesting that the Secretary be compelled to issue the passport. Picardo argued that the denial constituted a violation of his constitutional right to travel, asserting that such rights form a part of individual liberty that cannot be abridged without due process.

Government's Defense

The government, represented by the Office of the Solicitor General, maintained that the refusal was lawful. They cited Section 28 of Executive Order No. 1, series of 1946, which grants the Secretary of Foreign Affairs the authority to regulate the issuance of passports. The government emphasized the need to control exits from the country as part of its power to conduct foreign relations, particularly regarding national security and political considerations.

Court's Ruling and Reasoning

Judge Jesus Y. Perez ruled in favor of the Department of Foreign Affairs, dismissing Picardo's petition for mandamus. The Court concluded that the prohibition on travel to communist countries is a matter of governmental policy within the realm of foreign relations, corroborating that such policies are both within the competence of the Chief Executive and largely political in nature. The Court held that it should not interfere with these policy decisions.

Appeal and Subsequent Developments

Picardo appealed the decision; however, the Supreme Court found that the issues raised in this appeal had become moot. This determination was based on the fact that the travel ban had been lifted following the establishment of diplomatic

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