Title
Republic vs. Amata
Case
G.R. No. 212971
Decision Date
Nov 29, 2022
Marriage nullity petition dismissed; insufficient evidence of psychological incapacity under Article 36, Family Code. Presumption of marriage validity upheld.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 212971)

Facts of the Case

John Arnel H. Amata and Haydee N. Amata were married and had three children together. Initially, their marriage was harmonious but later became strained due to issues such as Haydee's allegedly domineering behavior and dissatisfaction in their sexual relationship. The situation worsened, leading the respondent to consult a clinical psychologist. The psychologist diagnosed the respondent with Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder, attributing his psychological incapacity to his marriage obligations. The respondent subsequently filed a petition for nullity, citing this diagnosis.

Proceedings Before the Regional Trial Court

The Regional Trial Court (RTC) ruled on July 20, 2011, that the marriage was void ab initio, asserting that the respondent's psychological incapacity prevented him from fulfilling marital duties. Haydee's claims—seeking reconciliation and denying the allegations of incapacity—were not persuasive to the court. This ruling prompted the Office of the Solicitor General to appeal to the Court of Appeals, while Haydee sought reconsideration.

Ruling of the Court of Appeals

On May 29, 2014, the Court of Appeals upheld the RTC's ruling, affirming that sufficient evidence of psychological incapacity, as assessed by the psychologist, warranted the declaration of nullity of marriage. The petitioner argued, however, that the evidence was insufficient to support such a conclusion.

Main Issue

The principal legal issue presented is whether there exists sufficient basis to declare the respondent's marriage void on the ground of psychological incapacity in accordance with Article 36 of the Family Code.

Preparation for Review

In addressing the procedural matters, the Supreme Court recognized that the motion for an extension to file a petition for review was valid under the Rules of Court, allowing an appeal from the OSG, which argued that the lower courts had erred in their rulings regarding psychological incapacity.

Relevant Legal Principles

Article 36 of the Family Code stipulates that a marriage contracted by a party who is psychologically incapacitated to fulfill the essential marital obligations at the time of the celebration is void. The characteristics of psychological incapacity include its gravity, juridical antecedence (i.e., it must predate the marriage), and incurability.

Judicial Analysis

The Supreme Court evaluated the evidence to determine if it substantiated the respondent's assertion of psychological incapacity. The Court observed that merely exhibiting difficulties or dissatisfaction in marital life does not equate to psychological incapacity. Significant focus was placed on whether the respondent’s alleged condition was serious, chronic, and sufficiently debilitating to prevent him from executing his marital obligations.

Findings of the Supreme Court

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