Title
Republic vs. Alba
Case
G.R. No. 169710
Decision Date
Aug 19, 2015
Jose Alberto Alba sought land registration for five parcels in Aklan. The Republic opposed, citing insufficient proof of possession since 1945. SC ruled against Alba, citing lack of specific evidence of continuous, exclusive possession.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 211882)

Applicable Law

The relevant legal framework in this case includes the Property Registration Decree (Presidential Decree No. 1529) which governs the registration of land in the Philippines, particularly emphasizing possession and ownership requirements for applications for original registration of title.

Facts of the Case

Jose Alberto Alba purchased the subject parcels, subdivided into five lots designated as Lot No. 9100-A to Lot No. 9100-E. Following his purchase, he filed an application for the original registration of these lands before the MCTC. The Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) opposed this application, arguing that Alba lacked the necessary continuous and exclusive possession of the land since the date specified in the law (June 12, 1945).

Judgment of the Municipal Circuit Trial Court

The MCTC ruled in favor of Alba, granting his application for land registration. It recognized his possession and substantiated his claim through supporting documents, including tax declarations and deeds of sale. The MCTC advised that, upon the finalization of the decision, a Decree of Registration of Title would be issued in favor of Alba.

Appeal by the Office of the Solicitor General

The OSG appealed the MCTC’s decision to the CA, arguing a lack of jurisdiction due to Alba's failure to present an original tracing cloth plan of the land, which they claimed was a critical statutory requirement. They further contended that Alba failed to demonstrate the requisite possession of the lands as required by law.

Decision of the Court of Appeals

The CA upheld the MCTC's decision, affirming that the trial court properly considered the evidence and did not err in its findings. They found that while the tracing cloth plan was not submitted, the approved plan and technical descriptions substantiated the identity of the land adequately.

Issues Raised by the Petitioner

Upon reaching the Supreme Court, the following key issues were raised:

  1. Whether the MCTC acquired jurisdiction despite the absence of the original tracing cloth plan submitted by the respondent.
  2. Whether the respondent sufficiently proved his possession of the property in the manner legally required.

Supreme Court Ruling

The Supreme Court ultimately reversed the CA's decision, emphasizing that the requirement for submitting the approved tracing cloth plan is, indeed, a mandatory provision that could not be set aside lightly. The Court distinguished that while certain evidence could functionally satisfy the statutory requirement, the failure to submit the original tracing cloth plan constituted a jurisdictional defect that rendered the proceeding a nullity.

Findings on Possession

Concerning the possession,

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