Title
Prangan vs. National Labor Relations Commission
Case
G.R. No. 126529
Decision Date
Apr 15, 1998
A security guard filed claims for unpaid wages and benefits, alleging a 12-hour work schedule. The Supreme Court ruled in his favor, remanding the case for recomputation based on 12-hour shifts, citing insufficient evidence from the employer.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 126529)

Complaint Submission

Prangan's complaint against Masagana and its representative Victor C. Padilla included claims for unpaid wages from August 16 to 31, 1993, along with additional claims for overtime pay, holiday premium pay, rest day compulsion, night shift differentials, uniform allowances, service incentive leave pay, and the 13th month pay for the years 1990 to 1993. The private respondent contended it was not Prangan's direct employer, asserting it merely facilitated his employment, leading to the claim that Cat House Bar was responsible for any alleged claims.

Labor Arbiter's Decision

The Labor Arbiter addressed the complaint in a ruling issued on May 31, 1995, rejecting the argument that Masagana could claim it was simply acting as an agent in Prangan's employment. Consequently, the Arbiter ordered Masagana to pay Prangan a sum reflecting his claims, totaling P 9,932.16, while dismissing other claims for prescription or lack of merit.

NLRC Appeal Process

Unhappy with the Labor Arbiter's decision, Prangan appealed to the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC), arguing an erroneous omission in recognizing his work hours, which he asserted were twelve per day instead of the four alleged by the private respondent. The NLRC initially dismissed the appeal for late filing but subsequently reinstated it upon Prangan's motion for reconsideration, only to later affirm the Labor Arbiter's decision indicating lack of merit.

Allegations of Grave Abuse of Discretion

In seeking redress from the Supreme Court, Prangan attributed grave abuse of discretion to the NLRC for determining his work hours incorrectly and upholding the monetary award. The public and private respondents defended the NLRC's findings, citing adequate evidence that Prangan had only worked four hours daily.

Role of Evidence and Burden of Proof

The Court emphasized that the determination of work hours falls under the employer's management prerogative. However, when an employer claims fewer hours than the legal maximum, the burden of proof rests with the employer to present clear, satisfactory evidence. In this case, the NLRC relied primarily on daily time records submitted by the private respondent, which Prangan contested as falsified.

Assessment of Evidence

The Supreme Court found that the evidence presented by the private respondent was insufficient and problematic. Prangan's assertions regarding the falsification of daily time records were not adequately rebutted, and inconsistencies in th

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