Title
Pineda vs. Dela Rama
Case
G.R. No. L-31831
Decision Date
Apr 28, 1983
Petitioner signed a promissory note to bribe NARIC officials; SC ruled it void ab initio due to illegal consideration, dismissing claims.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-31831)

Legal Proceedings and Initial Findings

Initially, the Court of First Instance of Manila found in favor of Pineda, asserting he signed the promissory note under the impression that the funds were intended as bribes to delay criminal prosecution by the NARIC. The court determined that Dela Rama's claims contradicted the evidence, specifically stating that the money purportedly loaned to Pineda was never received by him but rather was allegedly used for illicit purposes. The court emphasized that the illegal nature of the transaction rendered any obligation under the promissory note void.

Court of Appeals Reversal

The Court of Appeals reversed the trial court's decision, emphasizing Pineda's intelligence and business acumen, arguing that he would not sign a legal document without understanding its implications. The appellate court invoked Section 24 of the Negotiable Instruments Law, asserting that the promissory note was valid and presumed issued for valuable consideration. However, this reliance on the presumption failed to consider the evidence that could potentially rebut this presumption.

Evaluation of Dela Rama's Claims

Dela Rama claimed he provided Pineda with cash advances on two separate occasions; however, the terms of the promissory note indicated it was for legal representation, which Pineda contended was meant to bribe NARIC officials. The evidence highlighted inconsistencies in Dela Rama's narrative, particularly regarding the nature of the transaction and the lack of established collateral or terms usually present in legitimate loan transactions.

Assessment of Illegality and Void Contracts

The Supreme Court concluded that the purpose of the promissory note was inherently illegal, as it aimed to influence public officials for personal benefit, which contravenes public policy and law as stated in Articles 1409 and 1412

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