Title
Philtranco Service Enterprises, Inc. vs. Philtranco Workers Union - Association of Genuine Labor Organizations
Case
G.R. No. 180962
Decision Date
Feb 26, 2014
Philtranco retrenched employees, prompting a labor dispute. DOLE ordered reinstatement and backwages. CA dismissed Philtranco's certiorari petition, citing wrong remedy and untimeliness. SC reversed, ruling certiorari proper and timely, emphasizing substance over form.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 180962)

Applicable Law

The case primarily invokes provisions from the Labor Code of the Philippines and the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It discusses the nature of jurisdiction assumed by the Secretary of Labor and the procedural remedies available for contesting labor decisions.

Retrenchment and Legal Proceedings

In 2007, petitioner Philtranco Service Enterprises retrenched 21 employees, prompting respondent union to file a Notice of Strike with the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). After failed negotiations, a decision was rendered by the Acting Secretary of Labor, Danilo P. Cruz, on June 13, 2007, which ordered reinstatement of illegally terminated employees and other remedies.

Motion for Reconsideration and Subsequent Actions

Petitioner sought reconsideration of the June 13 decision on June 25, 2007. However, in an August 15 order, the Acting Secretary declined to rule on both the motion and the union's partial appeal, citing a DOLE regulation against reconsideration of voluntary arbitrators' decisions.

Court of Appeals Findings

Dissatisfied, petitioner pursued a Certiorari and Prohibition petition before the Court of Appeals, which issued a resolution on September 20, 2007, dismissing it on procedural grounds. The Court found that a petition should have been filed under Rule 43 specific to voluntary arbitration decisions rather than under Rule 65.

Issues Presented

Petitioner assigned several errors, alleging that the Court of Appeals: (1) Misinterpreted the applicable procedural rule; (2) Incorrectly ruled the Certiorari petition was filed out of time; (3) Dismissed the petition on procedural technicalities.

Petitioner’s Argument

Petitioner contended that the proper remedy was filing a motion for reconsideration followed by a Certiorari petition, regardless of the Secretary's classification of the case under Article 263 of the Labor Code, as it involved labor relations with public interest implications.

Respondent’s Stance

The respondent countered that the Acting Secretary acted in a voluntary arbitrator capacity and thus, the decision was subject solely to a Rule 43 review. Furthermore, it claimed the Certiorari petition was filed beyond the allowable period, arguing the motion for reconsideration did not toll the time limits.

Court's Ruling

The Supreme Court granted the Petition, stating the Secretary of Labor did not limit his authority in a voluntary capacity but rather exercised jurisdiction under the Labor Code. It clarified that even if a motion for reconsideration was unauthorized, it serves as a prerequisite for Certiorari, allowing the agency the opportunity for error correction.

Timeliness of the Petition

The Court held that the 60-da

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