Title
Philippine National Bank vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 57757
Decision Date
Aug 31, 1987
Dispute over land ownership; SC ruled presumption of conjugality doesn’t apply to widow-registered properties, upheld PNB as good-faith mortgagee, dismissed heirs’ claim due to estoppel and laches.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 57757)

Proceedings and Relevant Facts

On November 28, 1952, Donata Montemayor mortgaged several parcels of land covered by Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) No. 2289-Pampanga to secure a loan of P40,900. Subsequently, on December 1, 1963, she mortgaged other properties (TCT Nos. 2887 and 2888) for P35,200. All properties were registered solely under her name and free from encumbrances at the time of the mortgage with PNB.

Foreclosure and Legal Actions

Salvador Vitug, Donata's son, defaulted on his loan, prompting foreclosure on the mortgaged properties, which were subsequently sold at public auction on May 20, 1968. The PNB emerged as the highest bidder, securing the properties through a certificate of sale issued on August 30, 1968. In 1969, PNB sold the properties to individuals including Jesus M. Vitug and others.

Family Dynamics and Legal Disputes

Clodualdo Vitug had two marriages, the first producing three children. His second marriage to Donata resulted in eight children. After Clodualdo's intestate death in 1929, the estate was settled where Donata was appointed administratrix. Legal disputes concerning the property's ownership led Pragmacio and Maximo Vitug to file a complaint for partition and reconveyance of the properties, claiming they were conjugal properties.

Lower Court Decisions and Appeals

Initially, the Court of First Instance dismissed the complaint, prompting an appeal to the Court of Appeals. The appellate court later reversed the lower court's ruling, acknowledging the conjugal nature of the properties and identifying PNB's sale as valid only concerning half of them.

Arguments of the Petitioner

PNB contended that the Court of Appeals erred in its reliance on previous Supreme Court rulings concerning the conjugal nature of the properties, arguing that a special law takes precedence over general laws. PNB further asserted that they were mortgagees in good faith and questioned the legitimacy of the Vitugs' complaints regarding the title, stressing that they were unaware of any claims against the properties when extending the loans.

Supreme Court Decision

The Supreme Court sided with PNB, emphasizing the principle of good faith in dealing with registered land. It underscored that the PNB was

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