Title
People vs. Ubina
Case
G.R. No. L-6969
Decision Date
Aug 31, 1955
Mayor Carag and two others murdered in 1952; defendants convicted of conspiracy, with mastermind Tomas Ubina sentenced to death, others to life or lesser terms.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-6969)

Facts of the Case

On the evening of September 14, 1952, Aureliano Carag, the mayor of Solana, arrived at the house of Esteban Tambiao and his wife Teodora Quilang. Carag had an illicit relationship with their daughter, Dionisia Tambiao. After a brief stay, as Carag attempted to unsaddle his horse, he was shot at by assailants led by Tomas Ubina, leading to a gunfight that ended in the deaths of Carag, Esteban Tambiao, and Dionisia Tambiao.

Witness Testimonies

The prosecution's case included testimonies from multiple witnesses, including Ruben Francisco, a co-conspirator who detailed the planning of the murders, and Flora Quilang, who observed the attack. Their testimonies indicated a premeditated plan to kill Carag due to personal and political grievances against him. Additional witnesses corroborated the events, providing a detailed account of the conspiracy and execution of the murders.

Defense Claims

The defense relied on alibi claims, asserting that the defendants were engaged elsewhere during the commission of the crime. However, the testimonies provided by the defense were largely unsupported by credible evidence or witness corroboration, being questioned for their plausibility and reliability given the context of events.

Credibility of Witnesses

The court thoroughly assessed the credibility of witnesses, emphasizing that, despite some discrepancies, their accounts collectively indicated a coherent narrative pointing to the defendants' involvement in the crime. Notably, the credibility of Ruben Francisco was challenged due to his later testimony for the defense, but the court determined that the initial testimony was more credible and detailed.

Criminal Responsibility and Participation

Tomas Ubina, who conceived the plan, and his companions, were found to have acted with evident premeditation. The court concluded that while Tomas Ubina and his immediate co-conspirators acted as principals, others who joined later were classified as accomplices because their participation did not meet the threshold required for principal liability.

Circumstances of the Crime

The court established several aggravating circumstances: evident premeditation, treachery, and the abuse of superior strength, given the number of attackers and weapons used during the incident. It was determined that these factors contributed significantly to the severity of t

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