Title
People vs. Sibayan
Case
G.R. No. L-25174
Decision Date
Jan 30, 1970
Dionisio Sibayan convicted of homicide, not murder, due to lack of treachery or premeditation; penalty modified to 9-16 years, indemnity increased.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-25174)

Charges and Initial Ruling

Dionisio Sibayan, along with his co-accused, was charged with murder for an incident that took place on June 7, 1964. The trial court acquitted Moreno and Caspillo but found Sibayan guilty, sentencing him to life imprisonment, ordering him to indemnify the victim's heirs P6,000, and imposing accessory penalties, along with court costs.

Prosecution's Evidence

The prosecution presented seven witnesses, including Chief of Police Fidel Dumandan, municipal judge Alfredo Leybag, and members of the victim's family and neighborhood, who collectively testified against Sibayan. Their testimonies indicated that Sibayan struck Grospe with a piece of hard wood multiple times, leading to Grospe's death from a fractured skull. Witnesses, notably Alejandro Soriano and Benjamin de Fiesta, directly identified Sibayan as the assailant, with Soriano testifying that he saw Sibayan over Grospe’s body, and de Fiesta chasing Sibayan as he fled the scene.

Confession and Flight

Municipal Judge Leybag testified to the notarization of Sibayan's sworn confession, in which Sibayan admitted to killing Grospe. Judge Leybag confirmed that he ensured the confession was voluntary. Notably, Sibayan and his wife left Talugtog shortly after the incident, an action interpreted by the trial court as indicative of guilt and an attempt to evade justice.

Defense Testimony and Credibility Issues

Sibayan was the sole defense witness, claiming that his confession was not voluntary. However, the court found his denial unconvincing, particularly in light of Judge Leybag’s testimony affirming the confession’s validity. Additionally, inconsistencies between Sibayan’s court testimony and his confession weakened the credibility of his defense.

Legal Findings and Application of Penal Law

The original trial court found Sibayan guilty of murder. However, upon appeal, the reviewing court noted that the trial court had not substantiated the aggravating circumstances of evident premeditation and treachery, which were alleged in the information. The evidence indicated that the assault occurred without premeditation, and the victim and Sibayan confronted each other before the fatal blow.

Determination of Penalty

In ruling on the nature of the crime based on the facts, the reviewing court concluded that Sibayan was guilty of simple homicide rather than murder. Under the Revised Penal Code, simple homicide carries a penalty of reclusion temporal, and applying the In

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