Title
People vs. Serrano
Case
G.R. No. L-44712
Decision Date
Oct 28, 1991
Hospital personnel filed criminal cases against each other; judge showed bias in favor of one party, leading to Supreme Court disqualification for prejudgment and partiality.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-44712)

Factual Background

The legal proceedings commenced with a criminal complaint filed on May 14, 1976, against Legaspe for grave coercion, prompted by a complaint from Dra. Busa and other hospital staff. Subsequently, two complaints against Dra. Busa for estafa through falsification were filed, followed by another complaint against Legaspe for a similar charge involving falsification related to his time record.

Procedural History

After preliminary investigations, Judge Serrano issued a resolution on August 19, 1976, linked Criminal Case No. 1127 with the other estafa complaints, which he dismissed as "superfluous" and potentially harassing towards Legaspe. This connection raised concerns about the judge’s ability to remain impartial in the ongoing trial of Criminal Case No. 1127.

Motion for Disqualification

In light of the judge's previous remarks, the prosecution filed a Motion for Disqualification on September 20, 1976, arguing that the judge had formed a prejudgment about the case. Despite these concerns, Judge Serrano denied the motion for disqualification during trial on July 24, 1976, prompting the prosecution to seek a writ of certiorari and prohibition.

Legal Grounds for Review

The prosecution contended that the judge's comments indicated bias, and thus a violation of due process, necessitating higher court intervention. Specifically, they argued that while the grounds for mandatory disqualification under Section 1 of Rule 137 of the Rules of Court were not evident, the judge's partiality fell under the permissive disqualification provisions, warranting a reassessment of his role in the trial.

Supreme Court's Deliberation

The Supreme Court underscored the necessity of a fair and impartial tribunal, referencing prior rulings where judges had been disqualified for exhibiting bias or pre-judgment. The Court noted that the judge's previous statements about the cases indicated a clear inclination that could undermine public confidence in judicial impartiality.

Ruling

In its final ruling, the Supreme Court found sufficient grounds for disqualifying Judge Serrano from presiding over Crimina

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