Title
People vs. Sanchez y Espiritu
Case
G.R. No. 175832
Decision Date
Oct 15, 2008
Accused acquitted due to lapses in drug evidence chain of custody, failing to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt under R.A. 9165.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 175832)

Antecedent Facts

The prosecution charged Sanchez with unlawfully selling 0.02 grams of methylamphetamine hydrochloride, commonly known as shabu, during a buy-bust operation. During the trial, SPO2 Sevilla testified that he acted as the poseur buyer in the operation after being informed about a drug sale. The RTC based its decision primarily on Sevilla's credibility as a seasoned witness in drug cases, despite objections from the defense that questioned the legality of the arrest and the handling of the seized evidence.

Trial Proceedings

The RTC found Sanchez guilty and sentenced him to life imprisonment with a fine of P50,000. The prosecution presented various exhibits, including the laboratory reports confirming the presence of shabu, whereas the defense argued about the lack of proper chain of custody and questioned the credibility of the arresting officer's testimony.

Appellate Court Decision

Upon appeal to the Court of Appeals, Sanchez contended that the trial court erred in its judgment, emphasizing the reliance on SPO2 Sevilla's reputation rather than substantial evidence. The appellate court affirmed the RTC's decision, which prompted Sanchez's further appeal to the Supreme Court.

Court’s Ruling

The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the lower courts, arguing that the prosecution failed to prove Sanchez's guilt beyond reasonable doubt. The Court emphasized the significance of adhering to procedural requirements outlined in Section 21 of R.A. No. 9165 regarding the buy-bust operation. It found that the prosecution did not adequately demonstrate compliance with the mandated procedures concerning the inventory and custody of the seized drugs, which are critical to maintaining the integrity of evidence in drug-related cases.

Non-Compliance with Legal Procedures

The Court noted that proper inventory and photographic documentation of the seized drugs were not conducted in the presence of necessary representatives, including the accused. The Court underscored that mandatory procedures must be observed to prevent the abuse in drug apprehension operations, echoing concerns about the potential for evidence planting.

Chain of Custody Issues

Furthermore, the ruling highlighted the failures in establishing a clear chain of custody, which is essential for demonstrating that the evidence presented at trial is the same as that which was seized. The Supreme Court pointed out that the prosecution did not present a coheren

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