Title
People vs. Salvador, Sr. y Masayang
Case
G.R. No. 223566
Decision Date
Jun 27, 2018
Accused-appellant convicted of parricide and multiple murders; insanity defense rejected due to lack of evidence proving mental state during crime.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 223566)

Case Background

Accused-appellant Junie Salvador was charged with five counts of murder related to a brutal incident on February 11, 2011, in which he allegedly killed his two-year-old son Dioney, his live-in partner Miraflor, and three minors, including his own nieces. The prosecution alleged that the attack was premeditated and executed with treachery, as evidenced by the choice of weapons and the manner of attack.

Prosecution's Evidence

Witnesses for the prosecution, including family members and law enforcement, provided detailed testimonies outlining the events leading up to and following the killings. On the morning of the incident, accused-appellant reportedly exhibited erratic behavior, and subsequent to the attacks, he was found with blood on his clothing and weapons in hand. Evidence included vivid descriptions of the brutal assaults, which led to the prompt capture of the accused by local authorities, where he admitted to the murders, citing a desire for violence.

Defense's Argument

The defense contended that the accused-appellant was suffering from a mental disorder, specifically schizoaffective disorder, impairing his capacity to understand the nature of his actions during the incident. Expert testimony from a psychiatrist was presented, alleging that without proper medication, the accused could experience a relapse affecting his mental stability.

RTC's Ruling

The Regional Trial Court (RTC) found the accused-appellant guilty on all charges, determining that he knowingly committed the acts, thereby establishing guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The court emphasized the absence of credible evidence proving insanity at the time of the commission of the crimes, dismissing the defense’s claims as speculative given the timeline and nature of the psychiatric evaluations, which occurred long after the incident.

CA's Decision

The Court of Appeals affirmed the RTC's findings, reinforcing that the defense of insanity was inadequately supported by evidence. The CA highlighted the principle under Philippine law that an individual is presumed to be of sound mind unless proven otherwise, therefore upholding the RTC's conclusions regarding the appellant’s accountability for the murders.

Supreme Court's Analysis

The Supreme Court reiterated the presumption of sanity barring compelling evidence of insanity at the time of the offense. It further evaluated the credibility of the psychiatric testimonies presented, noting that evaluations conducted significantly after the incident could not accurately reflect the mental state of the accused during the killings. The Court underscored the need for unequivocal proof of insanity, which was absent in this case.

Sentencing and Damages

The Supreme Court upheld the sentences imposed by the lower courts, con

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