Title
People vs. Newman y Beclar
Case
G.R. No. L-45354
Decision Date
Jul 26, 1988
Two men convicted of robbery with homicide; extrajudicial confessions excluded due to rights violations, but guilt upheld via stolen items and victim's statement.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-3004)

Applicable Law

The Constitution applicable to this case is the 1973 Philippine Constitution, as the events occurred prior to the 1987 Constitution’s promulgation. The pertinent legal framework includes the provisions for due process and the rights of the accused under this Constitution.

Summary of Facts

On the evening of March 19, 1975, Efren Bantillo, a taxi driver, was fatally attacked by the defendants while they were passengers in his taxi. The assault was characterized by multiple stab wounds inflicted by Newman, leading to Bantillo's death the following day. The defendants took from the victim approximately P60.00 and his personal belongings, including a wristwatch and wallet.

Proceedings and Lower Court Ruling

Upon arraignment on June 18, 1975, both defendants pleaded not guilty. The trial court found them guilty of robbery with homicide on October 29, 1976, sentencing them to reclusion perpetua and awarding civil indemnity to the heirs of Bantillo. The conviction was based on the evidentiary weight of testimonies, forensic evidence, and extrajudicial confessions.

Grounds for Appeal

The defendants appealed the trial court's decision, arguing that their confessions were inadmissible due to inadequate information regarding their constitutional rights prior to the questioning. They also asserted that their right to due process had been violated.

Court’s Analysis of Confessions

The appellate court determined that the extrajudicial confessions made by the defendants were obtained in violation of their constitutional rights. The investigation was found to be conducted without adequate disclosure of rights by the police officers, resulting in a superficial recitation of rights rather than a meaningful explanation. Therefore, the court ruled that these confessions could not be used as evidence against the appellants, referencing the constitutional requirement for proper advisement.

Relationship Between Evidence and Guilt

Despite the exclusion of the confessions, the court upheld the conviction based on other significant evidence: the positive identification of the appellants in possession of Bantillo's stolen watch and driver's license, and the absence of any credible defense or alibi from the accused. The court emphasized the presumption of guilt associated with recent possession of stolen property, further supported by the victim's ante-mortem statements identifying his attackers.

Conspiracy and Collaborative Efforts

The court found that the actions of the defendants clearly indicated conspiracy, as evidenced by their joint participation in the robbery and homicide, coordination

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