Title
People vs. Millora
Case
G.R. No. L-38968-70
Decision Date
Feb 9, 1989
Eleven armed men executed Mauro, Aquilino, and Alejandro Bulatao in 1972, claiming cattle rustling. Appellants' alibi rejected; conspiracy and treachery proven. Supreme Court affirmed guilt, imposed reclusion perpetua and increased indemnity.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 189218)

Overview of Convictions and Appeals

The trial court convicted the four accused of murder, with only Munoz not filing an appeal, implying acceptance of his sentence. The remaining appellants—Millora, Tayaba, and Mislang—challenged their convictions, asserting their innocence. The prosecution, however, aimed to uphold the convictions, even advocating for increased penalties.

Facts Leading to the Murders

The prosecution's evidence presented a gravely disturbing sequence of events wherein the accused, along with several unidentified accomplices, approached the Bulatao residence under the pretense of seeking Mauro Bulatao’s son, Arsenio. Once inside the home, Millsora shot Mauro at close range, killing him instantly. In the course of the attacks, Aquilino, the sixteen-year-old son of Mauro, was brutally assaulted and later executed. The violence escalated at Alejandro's residence, where he was shot while lying down, despite the desperate pleas from his son, Pedro. Witness testimonies from family members corroborated the brutality of these actions, which occurred without any provocation.

Witness Testimonies and Credibility Concerns

Key testimonies were provided by family members of the victims, including Melecia and Jose Bulatao, and Juana Bulatao, Alejandro's wife. Despite some inconsistencies in their accounts, the trial court found their testimonies credible, attributable to fear of retaliation post-tragedy. The defense attempted to undermine their credibility by emphasizing the delay in reporting the incidents, but the court noted that fear likely prevented witnesses from speaking out sooner.

Forensic Evidence and Defenses Presented

The autopsy reports confirmed the nature and severity of the victims’ injuries, substantiating claims of homicide rather than any alleged exchange of gunfire as suggested by the appellants’ defense. The appeals presented individual defenses, primarily alibi, which the trial court found unconvincing due to lack of corroborative evidence and the implausibility of the defendants' assertions.

The Court’s Assessment of Intent and Conspiracy

The court affirmed that the actions of all accused constituted a conspiracy to commit murder, rendering each liable as co-principals in the crimes. The evidence indicated a premeditated decision among the accused to pursue and execute the Bulatao family, characterized as a collective and deliberate act of violence.

Legal Analysis of the Murder Charges

Each killing was classified as murder under Article 248 of the Revised Penal Code, occurring with treachery as the victims were defenseless at the time of the attacks. The constitutionality of the death penalty’s abolition under the 1987 Constitution delineated the applicable penalties, leading the court to impose reclusion

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