Title
People vs. Masala, Jr.
Case
G.R. No. L-23514
Decision Date
Feb 17, 1970
Avelino stabbed Rodrigo during a quarrel while Jose held him; both convicted of murder, with Avelino's penalty reduced due to provocation.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 235316)

Incident Details

The prosecution's case was primarily based on the testimonies of two eyewitnesses, Celestino Atun and Percival Amador, alongside police accounts. Their evidence depicted a violent confrontation between Avelino and the victim, Rodrigo Aringo, where Jose Manansala physically subdued Rodrigo to facilitate the stabbing by Avelino with a balisong knife. Rodrigo sustained multiple fatal wounds, resulting in his death shortly after the incident. An autopsy confirmed the cause of death as a massive hemorrhage attributable to the injuries sustained.

Defense Arguments

The defendants sought to establish a claim of self-defense, arguing that Rodrigo was armed with a knife and had initiated the confrontation. Two witnesses for the defense—Domingo Daria and Salvador Petilos—supported this assertion, detailing an altercation that commenced with Rodrigo demanding payment for carrying Avelino's baggage. However, the claim was undermined by evidence, including the absence of any knife found with Rodrigo upon police arrival and the lack of injuries on Avelino.

Judicial Findings

The trial court found the prosecution's narrative credible, convicting both Avelino and Jose Manansala of murder. The court acknowledged Avelino's claim of provocation, given the physical assault he faced from Rodrigo, thus allowing for a mitigating circumstance in his sentencing. However, the court also highlighted the treacherous nature of the attack, as Avelino stabbed Rodrigo while the latter was restrained by Jose.

Co-Principal vs. Accomplice Liability

While Avelino was found guilty as a principal offender, Jose's culpability was debated. The court determined that Jose acted in concert with Avelino but did not conspicuously intend to kill, positioning him as an accomplice rather than a co-principal. Despite lacking clear evidence of premeditation, Jose’s actions facilitated the infliction of lethal injuries, thus substantiating his liability as an accomplice.

Sentencing

The court articulated that Avelino, due to his mitigating circumstance, should receive a penalty under the Indeterminate Sentence Law, resulting in an indeterminate sentence ranging from 10 years and 1 day of prision mayor to 17 years and 4 months of reclusion temporal. Conversely, Jos

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