Title
People vs. Lorica y Manjarez
Case
G.R. No. 135863
Decision Date
Nov 22, 2001
Father convicted of raping daughter; Supreme Court affirmed guilt but reduced penalty to reclusion perpetua due to insufficient proof of victim's minority.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 150910)

Facts of the Case

Virgilio Lorica reportedly began sexually abusing his daughter, Elenita, when she was ten. The abuse took place when the family was still residing in Quezon Province and continued after they moved to Laguna. Elenita endured threats from her father, who warned her against disclosing the abuse. Despite the trauma, she confided in her mother, Felicidad, but was met with disbelief and was thus compelled to remain silent until she courageously reported her father's actions to her sister and a friend on October 20, 1997.

Medical Evidence and Legal Proceedings

On October 20, 1997, following incidents of rape, Elenita sought help, leading to a complaint being filed on October 21, 1997. Medical examinations indicated signs of abuse, and authorities were alerted. The accused was arrested, and subsequent legal procedures identified sufficient grounds to initiate trial. An Information was formally filed before the Regional Trial Court of Sta. Cruz, Laguna, which included charges of having carnal knowledge of a victim considered a minor under the law.

Trial and Defense

During the trial, Elenita gave detailed and compelling testimony about the assaults, which she described despite the trauma and difficulty in recalling the specifics due to her age and the horrific nature of the acts. The accused-appellant, Virgilio, denied the allegations, claiming he was elsewhere at the time of the incident. However, the court found Elenita’s testimony credible, noting her age and the context of the allegations did not warrant skepticism toward her emotional demeanor.

Court’s Findings on Testimony

The court expressed that a child's recollection of traumatic events may not adhere to adult expectations for specificity. Elenita’s testimony confirmed she experienced repeated abuse, and her reactions in court were consistent with a young victim's psychological state. The judgment emphasized that the credibility of child victims should be assessed with an understanding of their developmental and emotional capacities.

Age of the Victim and Legal Implications

A pivotal issue arose regarding the victim’s age, as the prosecution failed to establish it conclusively. The absence of a birth certificate and testimony from her mother, which was deemed hearsay, made it impossible to qualify the rape under laws stipulating harsher penalties for assaults on minors. As such, the court concluded that the prosecution did not sufficiently prove Elenita’s age, reducing the charge to simple rape rather than qualified rape.

Final Ruling and Damages

On September 18, 1998, the trial court found Vir

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