Title
People vs. Escandor
Case
G.R. No. 95049
Decision Date
Dec 9, 1996
Sabino Huelva was fatally shot by Nestor and Fidel Escandor while walking with his children. Nestor claimed self-defense, disproven by gunshot wounds on Sabino's back; Fidel's alibi was rejected. Both convicted, Nestor's penalty reduced for voluntary surrender.
A

Case Summary (G.R. No. 154297-300)

Summary of the Trial Court's Ruling

The Regional Trial Court sentenced Nestor Escandor to imprisonment of twelve years and five months as minimum to twenty years of reclusion temporal as maximum, while Fidel Escandor was sentenced to reclusion perpetua. Additionally, they were ordered to pay the heirs of the victim indemnity amounting to Thirty Thousand Pesos.

Allegations of Error

The appellants alleged four errors by the trial court: (1) insufficiency of the prosecution's evidence, (2) failure to consider their defenses of self-defense and alibi, (3) disregarding the testimony of Sgt. Arturo Aparejado, and (4) misappreciation of material facts.

Factual Background

At about 7:00 A.M. on December 2, 1988, Sabino Huelva and his three children were walking along a trail when they encountered the accused. Nestor Escandor shot Sabino in the back, and upon the victim's attempted response, Fidel Escandor also shot him. The children fled the scene, and Glenn Huelva reported the incident to their mother, Erlinda Huelva, who sought help from a barangay councilman.

Testimony and Credibility Issues

The prosecution's main witness was Glenn Huelva, the son of the victim. The accused challenged his credibility, claiming his testimony was biased due to familial ties. However, the court found no compelling evidence of prejudice arising from this relationship, noting that the trial court's assessment of witness credibility is typically given deference on appeal.

Inconsistencies in Testimony

Appellants argued that Glenn's testimony contained marked inconsistencies, specifically regarding the sequence of events. The Court found these alleged inconsistencies to be superficial and did not detract from the essence of Glenn's account, which was corroborative of his presence during the crime.

Self-Defense and Alibi Defense

Fidel Escandor's defense of alibi conflicted with Glenn's positive identification and was deemed insufficient. Nestor's self-defense claim was also rejected as he admitted to shooting Sabino, and the evidence contradicted his assertion that he was under threat. Medical testimony revealed multiple gunshot wounds on the victim, most of which were located on his back, negating any reasonable assertion of self-defense.

Evaluation of Evidence

The court considered the testimony of the police investigators and physical evidence at the crime scene, which operated against the appellants' claims. Nestor's argument was further weakened by the medical findings that indicated Sabino sustained nine wounds that could independently cause death.

Treachery as a Qualifying Circumstance

The trial court qualified the murder with the circumstance of treachery, noting the sudden and unexpected nature of the attack from behin

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