Title
People vs. Diaz
Case
G.R. No. 130210
Decision Date
Dec 8, 1999
An 11-year-old boy was found dead with signs of severe abuse. Accused, known to the victim, confessed but claimed insanity. Convicted of murder, sentenced to reclusion perpetua; sexual abuse not proven.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 214934)

Details of the Crime

On the evening of December 3, 1996, Francis Bart and his brother Felbart went to Pier 3 with Diaz, a friend. While Felbart returned home because he did not want to accompany them further, Francis Bart did not return home that night. The following day, the Fulache family reported him missing as he failed to show up. By noon, a report identified the body of a boy found at Bulacao Bridge, which exhibited signs of severe physical abuse, including a skull fracture and indications of sexual assault.

Autopsy Findings

Dr. Jesus P. Cerna conducted an autopsy, revealing that Francis Bart died from intracranial hemorrhage due to trauma. Additional findings indicated multiple contusions and lacerations, particularly in the rectal area, suggesting the possibility of sexual abuse. The injuries were consistent with the use of a blunt instrument, supporting the assertion that a male organ in full erection could have been involved.

Investigation and Arrest

On the same day that the body was located, Diaz acted suspiciously at the wake, reciting poems and drawing attention. He was subsequently invited for questioning by the police, who informed him of his rights in Cebuano. During the investigation, Diaz admitted to the crime, describing in detail how he had sexually assaulted and murdered Francis Bart. However, this confession was deemed inadmissible in court, as he was not represented by independent counsel during the custodial investigation.

Defense Argument

In his defense, Diaz attempted to argue insanity, asserting a diagnosis of pedophilia. Dr. Wilson Tibayan testified that although Diaz exhibited pedophilic tendencies, he was not legally insane at the time, having the capacity to distinguish right from wrong. The trial court was presented with circumstantial evidence including Felbart’s testimony and the circumstances surrounding the crime scene.

Trial Court Decision

On April 11, 1997, the Regional Trial Court found Diaz guilty of murder in relation to sexual abuse (sodomy) of a child, sentencing him to death and ordering significant damages to be paid to the victim's family. The court relied on circumstantial evidence to support a conviction despite the absence of eyewitness testimony, citing the victim's defenselessness and the inherent treachery of the crime given the vast disparity in strength between Diaz and Francis Bart.

Appeal and Supreme Court Ruling

Diaz appealed, arguing that he should not have been found guilty of murder or subjected to the death penalty, contending the absence of qualifying circumstances such as evident premeditation. However, the Supreme Court upheld the trial court's finding of murder based on treachery and abuse of superior strength present during the commission of the crime. The court noted that the nature of the attack on a child reinforces both treachery and the inherent inability of such a victim to defend himself.

Sentencing Modificatio

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