Title
People vs. Dela Rosa y Empamano
Case
G.R. No. 238338
Decision Date
Oct 1, 2018
A buy-bust operation led to the arrest of three individuals for illegal drug sale and possession. The Supreme Court acquitted them due to non-compliance with the chain of custody rule, as required witnesses were absent during the inventory, compromising evidence integrity.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-885)

Facts

On the specified date, a buy-bust operation was initiated by a team from the Station Anti-Illegal Drugs (SAID) Special Operations Task Group in response to a tip-off about individuals selling illegal drugs. The team conducted the operation after coordination with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA). During this operation, Edgardo was observed selling a plastic sachet containing suspected methamphetamine (shabu) to Police Officer 1 Jojo Valdez, the designated poseur-buyer, while Criselda and Ronaldo were present and subsequently arrested alongside him. A search of Edgardo yielded additional sachets of suspected shabu. Post-arrest, the seized items underwent proper documentation at the barangay hall and were later examined at a crime laboratory, confirming the presence of methamphetamine.

Charges and Initial Rulings

The prosecution charged the accused-appellants with violations stemming from Republic Act No. 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. Specifically, Edgardo was charged with illegal sale (Section 5, Article II) and illegal possession of dangerous drugs (Section 11, Article II). On May 18, 2015, the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Makati City found them guilty and sentenced them to life imprisonment and substantial fines, emphasizing that the prosecution had adequately established the crimes' elements and the integrity of the seized evidence.

Appellate Proceedings and Court of Appeals' Decision

Upon appeal, the Court of Appeals affirmed the RTC's decision on November 29, 2016, citing that procedural non-compliance regarding the chain of custody did not invalidate the evidence if the integrity of the items was maintained. The appellate court reiterated the necessity of a robust evidentiary chain for drug-related offenses.

Court's Ruling on Appeal

The Supreme Court found merit in the appeal, underlining the criticality of establishing the identity of the dangerous drugs with moral certainty, as they are central to the corpus delicti of the crimes charged. The Court highlighted the importance of precisely following the chain of custody requirements as mandated by law, which includes immediate inventory and photography of the seized items in the presence of mandated witnesses.

Chain of Custody Considerations

Notably, neither representatives from the Department

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