Title
People vs. Danao
Case
G.R. No. 96832
Decision Date
Nov 19, 1992
Teotimo Danao, with a history of mental health issues, killed his wife in 1988. Despite claims of insanity, the Supreme Court upheld his parricide conviction, recognizing voluntary surrender but imposing reclusion perpetua.

Case Summary (A.M. No. MTJ-05-1603)

Background of the Incident

On October 26, 1988, at approximately 9 to 10 A.M., Victorio Sunga received news of Ruby's death and subsequently went to the home of Teotimo Danao, where he found the accused holding a bolo and admitting to killing his wife. Upon hearing of the death from a grandson, Vicente Guintu, Sr. visited Danao, who expressed a disconnected attitude and identified Vicente in an unusual manner. Victorio Sunga later persuaded Danao to surrender, after which he did so by discarding the murder weapons.

Mental Health Evaluation

Following the murder, the National Center for Mental Health provided a report detailing Danao's mental health history, including previous symptoms of paranoia and a diagnosis of Paranoid Disorder with Reactive Psychosis after he returned from Saudi Arabia in 1983. On March 30, 1989, the Center found him incompetent to stand trial, citing indications of psychosis. However, by August 24, 1989, the Center reported a considerable improvement in Danao's condition, allowing for his return to trial as he was considered competent.

Testimonies from Family Members

Teotimo Danao's children provided crucial testimony regarding the events leading up to the murder. His daughter, Maritess, noted routine activities on the morning of the attack, while her brother Ricky observed their father wielding a bolo and ultimately stabbing their mother. This corroborated the nature and timing of the crime.

Charge and Trial Proceedings

Teotimo Danao faced charges of Parricide in the Regional Trial Court of Macabebe, Pampanga. The prosecution articulated that on October 26, 1988, he intentionally inflicted fatal injuries on his wife using two kitchen knives. The trial concluded with the court finding Danao guilty beyond reasonable doubt, sentencing him to reclusion perpetua and ordering him to pay various damages to the victim's heirs.

Defense of Insanity

Danao's defense hinged on the claim of insanity at the time of the crime. However, the court maintained that the burden of proving insanity rests on the accused, demanding clear evidence that Danao was completely deprived of reason during the act. The law presumes individuals to be of sound mind, and Danao’s claims of past psychiatric issues did not convincingly establish the requisite mental incapacity at the moment of the murder.

Evaluation of Medical Testimonies

Expert testimonies from physicians indicated potential mental health issues, but the court found these evaluations were conducted after the commission of the crime. The experts did not examine Danao right before the murder, which weakened the argument for his insanity. Furthermore, the testimonies did not demonstrate a complete absence of reason necessary to exculpate him from criminal responsibility.

Rulings on Evidence and Trial Court Findings

The court emphasized the standard that evidence of insanity must be established beyond reasonable d

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