Title
People vs. Comendador
Case
G.R. No. L-38000
Decision Date
Sep 19, 1980
Farm laborer Diosdado Comendador confessed to robbing and killing his employer's son, Jungie Zaragosa, in 1973. Despite his guilty plea, the Supreme Court reduced his death penalty to reclusion perpetua due to insufficient evidence of aggravating circumstances.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 240084)

Background of the Case

On September 19, 1980, the Circuit Criminal Court of Cebu City found Comendador guilty of robbery with homicide, sentencing him to death and requiring him to indemnify the heirs of Jungie Zaragosa in the amount of P12,625.00. The court’s verdict was primarily based on Comendador’s plea of guilty and his extrajudicial confession, supported by circumstantial evidence from several witnesses.

Evidence Presented at Trial

The prosecution presented witness testimonies that established a sequence of events leading to the crime. Testimony from Edilberto Zaragosa confirmed that his son, Jungie, was accompanied by Comendador, who had previously expressed his concern about Jungie's safety in Cebu. Dolores Reponte identified both men as they passed her on the day of the incident, and Angelo Obenque testified that Comendador arrived at his home later that day with items belonging to the victim, including the victim's watch.

Law Enforcement's Role

Police Corporal Dioscoro Panda-an provided critical testimony regarding the discovery of Jungie's body, detailing how he secured the crime scene and found evidence such as the murder weapon and items belonging to the victim. Lieutenant Edilberto Evangelista later apprehended Comendador, who admitted to the killing and surrendered incriminating evidence.

The Confession

Upon being interrogated, Comendador signed an extrajudicial confession, wherein he detailed the events of the crime. It was noted in court that he was advised of his rights, though the confession's admissibility was challenged due to the absence of legal counsel at the time it was given. Despite this challenge, the court upheld the confession's validity based on the circumstances surrounding its acquisition.

Appellate Considerations

In reviewing the trial court’s judgment, the Supreme Court addressed several points of contention raised by Comendador. This included arguments about his plea being conditional, the admissibility of the confession, sufficiency of evidence, and the presence of aggravating circumstances.

Analysis of the Plea and Confession

The Court reaffirmed that a plea of guilty is typically indisputable evidence of guilt. It ruled that Comendador's conditional request for a lesser penalty did not alter the nature of his guilty plea, which was deemed unconditional and spontaneous. Even if the extrajudicial confession was deemed inadmissible due to constitutional concerns, the Court maintained that the guilty plea, coupled with corroborating circumstantial evidence, adequately proved Comendador's guilt beyond reasonable doubt.

Aggravating Circumstances

The trial court found several aggravating circumstances, including craft, uninhabited place, and

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