Title
People vs. Calleja y Caganda
Case
G.R. No. 250865
Decision Date
Jun 16, 2021
Accused acquitted due to lapses in chain of custody and procedural non-compliance in drug case, undermining evidence integrity.
A

Case Summary (G.R. No. 250865)

Applicable Law

The applicable law in this case is Republic Act No. 9165, known as the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002." Specifically, the violations pertained to Sections 5 (illegal sale of dangerous drugs) and 11 (illegal possession of dangerous drugs).

Facts of the Case

Calleja faced two Informations: Criminal Case No. L-4973 for the illegal sale of methamphetamine hydrochloride (shabu) and Criminal Case No. L-4974 for illegal possession of shabu. The prosecution alleged that on June 30, 2011, Calleja sold two sachets of shabu for PHP 1,000 and was later found in possession of four additional sachets during a subsequent search.

The Buy-Bust Operation

The operation involved police officers, including Senior Police Officer II Albert A. Joven, who had Calleja under surveillance since December 2010. The police executed a buy-bust on June 30, 2011. During the operation, police officers, posing as buyers, completed a transaction with Calleja, who subsequently handed over the drugs. Upon the pre-arranged signal, police immediately apprehended him. The items recovered included the sachets of shabu and marked money used in the operation.

Testimonies Presented

Prosecution witnesses, consisting of police officers and barangay officials, testified about the buy-bust operation, the arrest, and the subsequent inventory of the seized items. The prosecution maintained that all necessary procedures were observed and that the integrity of the seized items was preserved throughout the operation.

Defense of the Accused

Calleja, as the sole witness for his defense, claimed that he was at home during the operation and was unjustly arrested without any drugs in his possession. He contended that the items presented as evidence were planted by the police with intent to frame him.

Ruling of the Regional Trial Court

On May 12, 2017, the Regional Trial Court (RTC) convicted Calleja of both charges, imposing a penalty of life imprisonment for the sale and a separate term for possession. The RTC found the prosecution's evidence credible and established beyond reasonable doubt both the sale and possession of illegal drugs.

Ruling of the Court of Appeals

The Court of Appeals upheld the RTC's decision in a ruling dated February 4, 2019, affirming that the evidence presented by the prosecution was sufficient to support a conviction.

Grounds for Reversal of Conviction

Upon appeal, the Supreme Court found substantial procedural deficiencies in the execution of the buy-bust operation. It emphasized that the prosecution failed to establish the chain of custody over the seized drugs satisfactor

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