Title
People vs. Bautista y Sinaon
Case
G.R. No. 198113
Decision Date
Dec 11, 2013
A buy-bust operation led to Bautista's arrest for drug charges, but procedural lapses in handling evidence under R.A. 9165 resulted in his acquittal by the Supreme Court.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 162025)

Facts and Background of the Case

On August 31, 2003, the Chief of Police received credible information that Bautista was engaged in the sale of illegal drugs. Following surveillance, a buy-bust operation was executed on September 3, 2003, where Bautista sold a sachet of shabu (methamphetamine hydrochloride) to an undercover officer. Upon his arrest, further drugs were recovered from both Bautista and his companion, Ma. Rocel Velasco. The prosecution’s evidence was derived from these seizures, leading to his conviction in the Regional Trial Court (RTC) on August 7, 2009.

Procedural Background

Bautista and his companion were accused of violations of Sections 5 and 11, Article II of R.A. 9165, which pertain to the sale and possession of dangerous drugs. Despite Bautista's claims of false accusation related to a theft he allegedly committed against one of the arresting officers, the RTC ultimately found him guilty, whereas Ma. Rocel was acquitted for insufficient proof.

Issue Presented

The core issue for the court was whether the arresting officers preserved the integrity and evidentiary value of the seized items, given their failure to comply with the mandatory procedural requirements stipulated in Section 21 of R.A. 9165 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR).

Court's Ruling on Procedural Compliance

The ruling emphasized that to prosecute a drug-related offense successfully, the State must prove beyond reasonable doubt the “corpus delicti,” which necessitates the seizure and proper handling of the drugs to ensure their integrity as evidence. Section 21 of R.A. 9165 requires law enforcement to inventory and photograph seized items immediately, in the presence of the accused and specific witnesses, which did not occur in this case.

Analysis of Non-Compliance with Procedural Safeguards

The court identified significant lapses in compliance with the mandatory procedural safeguards: there were no elected officials or media representatives present during the inventory, and the police could not demonstrate whether photographs of the seized items were taken. This lack of adherence to the safeguards r

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