Title
Organo vs. Sandiganbayan
Case
G.R. No. 136916
Decision Date
Dec 14, 1999
Petition for Habeas Corpus filed over Sandiganbayan's jurisdiction in plunder case; SC ruled no jurisdiction as accused lacked Salary Grade 27, ordered release.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 136916)

Relevant Facts

On August 15, 1997, the Sandiganbayan received an Information accusing multiple individuals, including Lilia B. Organo, of committing plunder by unlawfully acquiring public funds through unauthorized means. These acts involved significant amounts of money misappropriated from the National Government via an unauthorized bank account. Subsequently, a warrant of arrest was issued against Organo on September 29, 1997, after she filed a motion to quash the information, which was later denied by the Sandiganbayan. Organo remained under detention after filing a petition for certiorari and prohibition with the Supreme Court, challenging the legality of the warrant and the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan.

Jurisdictional Issue

The primary legal question presented is whether the Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction to hear cases of plunder when none of the accused individuals occupy positions corresponding to Salary Grade 27 or higher. The petitioner argues that jurisdiction is lacking based on sections of Republic Acts Nos. 6758, 7080, and 8249, which delineate jurisdictional boundaries.

Court's Ruling on Jurisdiction

The Supreme Court found in favor of the petitioner, declaring that the Sandiganbayan's jurisdiction is confined to cases where the accused public officials are of Salary Grade 27 or higher. While Republic Act No. 7080 initially placed plunder under the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan, subsequent legislation—namely Republic Act No. 8249—impliedly repealed its scope by establishing specific criteria based on salary grade. The Court referenced prior rulings that reinforced this understanding, categorically stating that the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan over plunder cases is contingent upon the salary grade of the accused.

Legislative Intent and Implications

The Court emphasized that the intention behind enacting Republic Act No. 8249 was to relieve the Sandiganbayan of low-ranking cases and enable it to focus on high-ranking officials, therefore providing clarity on the jurisdictional limits based on Salary Grade. The explanation provided in the legislative notes identified Salary Grade 27 a

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