Title
Supreme Court
Obra vs. Social Security System
Case
G.R. No. 147745
Decision Date
Apr 9, 2003
A 24-year dump truck driver died of a heart attack at work. His widow claimed benefits under labor laws, initially denied due to lack of work-connection and prescription. The Supreme Court ruled in her favor, finding the illness work-related and the claim timely filed.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 147745)

Factual Background

Juanito Buena Obra worked various projects over his employment at Jollar Industrial Sales and Services Inc. until his untimely death. Following his death, Maria Buena Obra applied for death benefits from the SSS, which she began receiving in November 1988. However, it was not until September 1998 that she learned about entitlement to additional compensation benefits under P.D. No. 626. On April 23, 1999, she filed a claim for funeral benefits, which was denied by the SSS due to the determination that her husband’s death was not work-related.

Procedural History

After the denial, Maria Buen Obra appealed to the Employees' Compensation Commission (ECC), which also dismissed her appeal, stating insufficient evidence to prove a causal relationship between Juanito's occupation and the myocardial infarction. The ECC ruled the claim had prescribed due to non-compliance with the statutory deadlines, leading to an appeal to the Court of Appeals.

Issue of Prescription of Claim

The primary issue evaluated was whether Maria Buena Obra's claim for funeral benefits had prescribed. The decision referenced the applicability of P.D. No. 626, which mandates that claims must generally be filed within three years from the cause of action's accrual. However, the ruling emphasized exceptions outlined in specific resolutions that recognize filings for other contingencies, like SSS benefits, as equivalent claims under the Employees’ Compensation framework.

Court's Ruling on Prescription

The Supreme Court ruled that the claim for funeral benefits had not prescribed, agreeing with the petitioner that her earlier claim for SSS benefits effectively notified the SSS of her intent to file for employee compensation. The Court found the nature of her SSS claim aligned with her claim for ECC benefits and highlighted that no definitions for “reasonable time” had been established in law, indicating that the specifics of the petitioner’s situation warranted a liberal interpretation of the prescriptive periods.

Work-Related Illness Determination

The second key issue concerns whether Juanito Buena Obra's myocardial infarction was work-related. It was established that an illness must be proven to be work-related for compensability under the Employees’ Compensation law. Although myocardial infarction is not explicitly listed as an occupational disease, the conditions set by ECC Resolution No. 432 provided a pathway to establish its work-relatedness.

Analysis of Causal Relationship

The Court ruled that the circumstances of Juanito's fatal heart attack met the conditions set forth in ECC Resolution No

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