Title
National Brewery vs. San Miguel Brewery, Inc.
Case
G.R. No. L-24545
Decision Date
Jun 30, 1976
Employee suspended for minor route deviation during lunch; court ruled suspension unjust, ordered back pay and attorney’s fees, emphasizing fair labor treatment.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-24545)

Factual Background

Sagarbarria, earning a basic wage of P7.60 per day, along with a monthly rice ration, was suspended for fifteen days without pay, starting from March 22, 1961, due to allegations of deviation from his delivery route. The incident leading to the suspension occurred after he delivered goods to a cigarette factory and chose to take his lunch at his sister's house rather than returning directly to the company facility. A company representative observed his truck parked at his sister’s residence and viewed this action as a breach of company regulations regarding drivers not departing from their assigned routes.

Legal Issue

The crux of the legal issue hinged upon whether Sagarbarria's actions constituted "just and proper cause" for his suspension, as required by the collective bargaining agreement between the labor union (to which Sagarbarria belonged) and San Miguel Brewery. Specifically, the question was whether his minor deviation from the designated route during meal time was sufficient grounds for disciplinary action.

Findings of the Lower Court

The lower court, upon hearing the facts, determined that there was no justifiable cause for Sagarbarria's suspension. The court noted that while the company had reasonable regulations concerning the adherence to delivery routes, the deviation in Sagarbarria's case was not significant enough to warrant disciplinary action. The court found that his actions did not cause any real detriment to the company's interests, such as extra fuel costs or delays in delivery.

Appellate Considerations

The appellate court in reviewing the case noted the procedural context of appeals, which traditionally require the raising of legal questions rather than factual disputes. The lone assignment of error presented by San Miguel Brewery sought to contest the lower court's factual findings regarding the justification for Sagarbarria's suspension. The appellate review emphasized that factual determinations made by the trial court should be respected unless there is a clear indication of error.

Ruling

Ultimately, the appellate court sustained the findings of the lower court. It reiterated that discipline in the workplace should not be at the unchecked discretion of the employer and cited prior rulings that underscored the i

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