Title
Supreme Court
Municipality of Sta. Maria, Bulacan vs. Buenaventura
Case
G.R. No. 191278
Decision Date
Mar 29, 2023
A forged deed of donation led to illegal road construction on private land; SC ruled for just compensation, exemplary damages, and attorney's fees.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 110147)

Applicable Law

The relevant law implicated in this case includes provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the Civil Code of the Philippines, particularly Articles concerning property rights and damages, and the Rules of Court as it pertains to petitions for review on certiorari.

Procedural History

This matter originates from a complaint filed by Carlos A. Buenaventura on October 11, 2002, seeking damages against the petitioners for allegedly taking possession and constructing a road on a swath of his land without consent. After the Regional Trial Court (RTC) dismissed the complaint on September 18, 2007, Buenaventura appealed the decision to the Court of Appeals (CA), which later found in his favor and reversed the RTC ruling on October 26, 2009.

Findings of the Court of Appeals

The CA's decision mandated the petitioners to demolish the illegally constructed road and pay Buenaventura rental fees for the period of unauthorized occupation. It placed the onus on the petitioners to prove the authenticity of a notarized Deed of Donation allegedly executed by Buenaventura, which the petitioners claimed transferred ownership of the land to Barangay Guyong. The CA ruled that the petitioners failed to prove the authenticity and that Buenaventura had presented sufficient evidence to suggest forgery.

Issues Raised by Petitioners

The petitioners contested several points: the validity of the notarized Deed of Donation until legally annulled, the burden of proof regarding the authenticity of the Deed, and whether the municipality was in bad faith in constructing the road. They sought to reinforce their claim to the land based on the Deed of Donation.

Supreme Court's Ruling

The Supreme Court found the petition partly meritorious, acknowledging that issues of forgery are primarily factual and typically not within the scope of certiorari. However, deviations between the findings of the RTC and the CA allowed for a retrial of the evidence.

The Court agreed with the CA regarding the evidence of forgery, determining that Buenaventura's signature on the Deed of Donation was indeed forged. The Court ruled that Buenaventura's ownership over the property was established, as evidenced by the proceedings of the Sangguniang Bayan which acknowledged the need to return the property to him after the completion of the road construction.

Just Compensation and Damages

Recognizing the unlawful taking of Buenaventura's property, the Supreme Court mandated the petitioners to provide jus

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