Title
Mijares vs. Piccio
Case
G.R. No. L-10458
Decision Date
Apr 22, 1957
A wife sought annulment of deeds involving properties in separate provinces; Supreme Court ruled misjoinder of causes and improper venue, dismissing claims against some defendants.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-10458)

Background of the Case

The petition for prohibition and certiorari by Vicente Mijares and Sulpicia Guanzon seeks to enjoin Judge Edmundo S. Piccio from enforcing an order that requires the petitioners to respond to a complaint filed in Civil Case No. R-3822 by Pastora Alvarez Guanzon. This complaint primarily addresses the annulment of specific real estate transactions involving properties located in Negros Occidental and Cebu, as well as the separation of conjugal properties between Pastora and her husband, Jose M. Guanzon.

Procedural History

On December 24, 1954, Pastora filed her complaint, alleging two causes of action. Subsequently, on October 19, 1955, she sought to include Sulpicia Guanzon and Vicente Mijares as indispensable parties in the case. The Court of First Instance of Cebu granted this motion and summoned the new defendants. Rather than submitting an answer, the petitioners filed a motion to dismiss on the grounds of improper venue, misjoinder of causes, and lack of jurisdiction over their persons, which the court denied on February 7, 1956.

Grounds for Motion to Dismiss

The petitioners advanced three primary arguments for their motion to dismiss: (1) improper venue; (2) misjoinder of causes of action and parties; and (3) lack of jurisdiction over their persons. The court ultimately ruled that venue was properly laid, there was no misjoinder, and it had jurisdiction. The petitioners filed for reconsideration, and when this was denied, they escalated the matter to the higher court.

Jurisprudential Basis for Joinder of Causes

The case revolves around the rules of joinder as set forth in the Rules of Court. Specifically, Rule 2, Section 5 outlines that parties may state multiple causes of action in one complaint subject to certain limitations regarding venue and the joinder of parties. While the rule allows for joinder, misjoinder can occur if different causes of action are not properly related or if they affect different defendants whose interests do not align.

Misjoinder of Causes of Action

In analyzing the present case, the court noted that the two causes of action alleged by Pastora pertain to distinct transactions involving different properties located in separate provinces. The transaction concerning the annulment of the deed of sale relates to properties in Negros Occidental, whereas the deed of donation concerns properties in Cebu. As a result, the court found that the claims could not be properly joined due to improper venue concerning the properties in Negros Occidental.

Distinct Interests of Defendants

Additionally, the court observed that Sulpicia Guanzon and Jov

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