Title
Merin vs. National Labor Relations Commission
Case
G.R. No. 171790
Decision Date
Oct 17, 2008
Seafarer dismissed for repeated infractions; dismissal upheld due to just cause, but employer failed procedural due process, awarding P30,000 nominal damages.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 220250)

Employment and Repatriation Circumstances

Brendo D. Merin was engaged by Great Southern Maritime Services Corporation in 1999 to work as an ordinary seaman on the MT "Selandang Permata" for a duration of ten months. Approximately three months into his tenure, he was repatriated by the ship's master, who acted on allegations of Merin’s misconduct, including drinking alcohol excessively and sleeping in the crew's smoke room appearing intoxicated. Following a report from his superior about further misconduct, Merin was repatriated without formally receiving a termination letter.

Initial Labor Arbiter Decision

Upon returning to the Philippines, Merin filed a claim for illegal dismissal with the NLRC. Labor Arbiter Antonio A. Cea ruled in favor of Merin on August 28, 2003, declaring his repatriation illegal. The arbiter noted that previous infractions had been condoned or penalized, and a boast about connections to the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) did not constitute a valid ground for termination.

NLRC Reversal

The NLRC subsequently reversed the Labor Arbiter's decision on December 29, 2004, asserting that substantial evidence existed for Merin’s misconduct. The NLRC cited his prior suspension by the POEA due to behavior that was inconsistent with the expected conduct of maritime personnel. They emphasized the overarching principle that a series of infractions contributed to just cause for dismissal.

Court of Appeals Confirmation

Merin’s motion for reconsideration was denied by the NLRC, prompting him to file a petition for certiorari with the Court of Appeals. The appellate court rejected his petition, upholding the NLRC's finding of just cause based on the "totality of infractions." The Court found Merin's threats to his superior and the lack of repentance further indicative of his unsuitability for continued employment.

Due Process Considerations

While the Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal's just cause, it acknowledged that Merin had not been afforded due process. He did not receive written notice of the charges against him, nor was he subjected to a formal hearing as required under the POEA Standard Employment Contract. Consequently, the Court awarded him nominal damages for the lack of due process, while reiterating that the dismissal itself was not rendered illegal due to the established causes.

Supreme Court Ruling

The Supreme Court found the petition filed by Merin to be unmeritorious. It held that the findings of quasi-judicial bodies like the NLRC are to be respected when supported by substantial evidence. The Court recognized that Merin had indeed engaged in multiple infractions warranting dismissal. It also reinforced

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