Title
Mendova vs. Afable
Case
A.M. No. MTJ-02-1402
Decision Date
Dec 4, 2002
Judge dismissed a criminal case for prescription; administrative complaint filed for alleged ignorance of law. SC ruled error was judicial, not administrative, due to lack of bad faith and failure to exhaust judicial remedies.

Case Summary (A.M. No. MTJ-02-1402)

Allegations and Proceedings

In an affidavit-complaint dated July 1, 1999, Mendova accused Judge Afable of ignorance of the law for dismissing his criminal case on the grounds of prescription. Mendova outlined that his initial complaint was lodged with the Barangay Chairman on February 18, 1998, following an incident on February 15, 1998. Despite an attempt at amicable settlement, the case progressed to the Municipal Circuit Trial Court, where it was docketed on May 4, 1998.

Dismissal of the Case

On November 3, 1998, Judge Afable dismissed the case, concluding that it had already prescribed, as the filing was beyond the two-month period allowed for light offenses under Article 90 of the Revised Penal Code. Mendova claimed that the judge's failure to consider the interruption of the prescriptive period due to the barangay mediation process, as stipulated in Section 410(c) of the Local Government Code of 1991, indicated ignorance of the law.

Response from Judge Afable

In his comment on the complaint, Judge Afable acknowledged that his dismissal of the case was incorrect and attributed this error to a lapse in judgment stemming from his heavy workload. He expressed regret over the incident, stating that it was his first mistake in his ten-year tenure as a judge.

Evaluations and Recommendations

The Office of the Court Administrator conducted an evaluation and found Judge Afable guilty as charged. The Deputy Court Administrator recommended a fine of P3,000.00 and issued a warning regarding the consequences of future similar conduct, emphasizing the importance of judges maintaining public confidence by being knowledgeable about the law.

Judicial Review and Administrative Complaint

The Court clarified that an administrative complaint is not a substitute for available judicial remedies. It expressed concern that holding judges accountable for every erroneous decision would undermine their ability to conduct trials without fear of harassment. The Court highlighted that only gross, deliberate errors or actions made in bad faith may warrant administrative sanctions against judges.

Prematurity of the Administrative Complaint

The Court concluded that Mendova's administrative complaint was premature because h

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