Title
Mateo vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 128392
Decision Date
Apr 29, 2005
A dispute over land ownership in Las Piñas led to an unlawful detainer case; petitioners claimed DARAB jurisdiction and RA 7279 protection, but SC upheld MeTC jurisdiction and denied eviction moratorium.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 113219)

Background

This case stems from a petition for review on certiorari, questioning the Court of Appeals' decision that reversed the Regional Trial Court’s (RTC) ruling, which had declared the Metropolitan Trial Court’s (MTC) decision in an unlawful detainer case as null and void. The subject matter involves a parcel of land that CDC claims ownership over, based on its acquisition from China Banking Corporation.

Jurisdictional Claims by Petitioners

The petitioners contested the MTC's jurisdiction, asserting that the land in question is agricultural, and thus deemed an agrarian dispute. They provided a Tax Declaration Certificate labeling the land as a fishpond to support their claim of being long-time occupants entitled to government relief under agrarian reform laws.

MTC's Initial Ruling

The MTC ruled in favor of CDC, emphasizing that the classification of the land for tax purposes does not determine its classification under agrarian laws. The court affirmed that CDC, holding a Certificate of Title, had a superior claim over the land due to the indefeasibility of title under the Torrens System.

RTC's Reversal of MTC's Decision

Upon appeal, the RTC granted an injunction and reversed the MTC's ruling, declaring the land agricultural under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) and consequently falling under the jurisdiction of the Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudication Board (DARAB). The RTC based its ruling on the premise that the land, characterized as a fishpond, should be adjudicated under agrarian laws.

Court of Appeals Reinstatement of MTC's Ruling

Subsequently, CDC appealed the RTC's decision to the Court of Appeals, which found the RTC incorrect in asserting jurisdictional claims. The Court of Appeals highlighted that jurisdiction is determined based on the complaint's allegations and concluded that the subject land, despite its former classification, was not under the agrarian jurisdiction based on the present condition of the land and absence of a tenancy arrangement.

Supreme Court's Ruling

The Supreme Court denied the petition by the petitioners, affirming the Court of Appeals’ decision. The Court reiterated that to fall under DARAB's jurisdiction, an

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