Title
Manlavi vs. Gacott, Jr.
Case
A.M. No. RTJ-95-1293
Decision Date
May 9, 1995
Senior police officer files complaint against judge for dismissing cases involving illegal fishing, citing warrantless search and defective charges; Supreme Court upholds dismissal, citing judicial immunity and legal grounds.

Case Summary (A.M. No. RTJ-95-1293)

Nature of the Complaint

Complainant Manlavi, a senior police officer, has charged Judge Gacott with exhibiting partiality, committing a miscarriage of justice, and knowingly rendering an unjust decision concerning the dismissal of the aforementioned criminal cases. The cases pertained to the illegal possession of explosives intended for fishing and the illegal possession of fish caught using such explosives.

Case Developments and Judicial Decisions

The accused individuals in Criminal Case No. 9210 moved to have the case quashed on the grounds that the evidence was the result of an illegal search and seizure conducted without a warrant. On July 9, 1992, Judge Gacott concurred with the defense's argument, highlighting that the search was not supported by a warrant and that any warrant subsequently presented was issued post-factum. In contrast, regarding Criminal Case No. 9211, the defense argued that the information failed to allege the critical element of "for profit" in the possession of illegally caught fish. The prosecution acknowledged this omission yet dubbed it a mere technicality. Nevertheless, the Judge ruled in an order dated June 25, 1992, that the information was fatally defective for not demonstrating essential elements associated with the charges.

Arguments from the Respondent

In defending his actions, Judge Gacott asserted that his orders were legally consistent and supported by evidence. He contended that the lack of a search warrant in Criminal Case No. 9210 was admitted by the complainant himself. Additionally, he argued that the circular cited by the complainant was not applicable to the circumstances of the case, stating it allowed for seizures only under specific procedural conditions that had not been met. With regards to Criminal Case No. 9211, the respondent noted that while there was a failure to explicitly state "knowingly" in the charge, the word "wilfully" encompassed the required element of knowledge.

Legal Framework and Rulings

Under Section 33 of Presidential Decree No. 704, it is unlawful for any person to possess or deal in illegally caught fish or fishery products "for profit." The court underscored that the omission of an essential element, specifically the intent to profit, r

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