Title
Supreme Court
Maneja vs. National Labor Relations Commission
Case
G.R. No. 124013
Decision Date
Jun 5, 1998
A hotel employee was dismissed for alleged falsification and carelessness; the Supreme Court ruled her dismissal illegal due to lack of evidence and due process, affirming Labor Arbiter jurisdiction.

Case Summary (A.M. No. 11-9-167-RTC)

Relevant Events and Allegations

On February 13, 1990, Maneja handled a long-distance call request from a hotel guest, Hirota Ieda. After a series of events involving call requests and deposits, a misunderstanding occurred regarding the handling of these deposits. Maneja was subsequently accused of misconduct, including falsifying documents and negligence, due to an alleged alteration of the dates on the call request forms and mishandling of deposits.

Initial Proceedings

Following the incident, a memorandum was issued to Maneja and her co-worker, directing them to explain the events of February 15, 1990. Despite their explanations, Maneja was dismissed on March 23, 1990, effective April 1, 1990. A criminal case was also filed against both employees, but ultimately, no charges were upheld by the city prosecutor. Maneja then filed a complaint for illegal dismissal before the Labor Arbiter, which was later amended to include claims for unpaid wages and damages.

Labor Arbiter Decision

On May 29, 1992, the Labor Arbiter determined that Maneja had been illegally dismissed, emphasizing that the case should have been dismissed outright due to jurisdictional issues related to existing company policies and the collective bargaining agreement (CBA). Despite this acknowledgement, the Labor Arbiter went ahead to rule in favor of Maneja, ordering her reinstatement and the payment of back wages, thirteenth-month pay, and damages.

NLRC's Ruling

The private respondent appealed the Labor Arbiter's decision, arguing that the case should have been handled via the grievance procedure under the CBA rather than through the Labor Arbiter's jurisdiction. The NLRC ultimately dismissed the illegal dismissal claim in a June 3, 1994 resolution, precisely on the basis of jurisdiction, asserting that the case should have been resolved within the grievance machinery.

Petitioner’s Claims

Maneja contended that the NLRC had gravely abused its discretion by dismissing her case based on jurisdictional grounds, arguing that the alleged issues of misconduct did not fall under unresolved grievances but were proper for the Labor Arbiter’s jurisdiction. She cited the lack of grievance meetings between the management and her union, asserting that historical practices indicated that dismissal cases were typically resolved directly through labor arbitration.

Legal Basis for Jurisdiction

The Supreme Court noted that Labor Arbiters hold original and exclusive jurisdiction over termination disputes as per Article 217 of the Labor Code. The Court criticized the NLRC's interpretation of Sanyo Philippines Workers Union-PSSLU vs. CaAizares, explaining that the Labor Arbiter retains jurisdiction because the termination was not rooted in an unresolved grievance. The Court rejected the idea that the case had to proceed through a grievance procedure given the circumstances of Maneja’s dismissal.

Findings on Due Process

The Court further ruled on the nature of Maneja's dismissal, asserting that it lacked just cause. It identified significant

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