Title
Macalalag vs. Ombudsman
Case
G.R. No. 147995
Decision Date
Mar 4, 2004
A postal employee was dismissed for encashing a retiree’s pension checks. Appeals to annul the Ombudsman’s decision failed due to jurisdictional limits and lawyer negligence claims. Finality of judgments upheld.

Case Summary (A.C. No. 4973)

Factual Background

On February 3, 1997, Aloro filed a complaint against Macalalag, claiming dishonesty linked to pension checks. Despite several orders urging Macalalag to respond, he failed to do so and requested a postponement during a preliminary conference. The case was resolved based solely on Aloro's evidence, revealing that Macalalag had endorsed and cashed Aloro's pension checks fraudulently. Aloro eventually received a dishonored check from Macalalag as a form of repayment. Despite Aloro's attempt to withdraw the complaint through an affidavit of desistance, the Ombudsman found Macalalag administratively liable, ordering his dismissal from service.

Procedural History

Following the Ombudsman's order, Macalalag attempted to appeal the decision. However, invoking the precedent set in Fabian vs. Desierto and adhering to Administrative Circular No. 99-2-01-SC, the Supreme Court dismissed his appeal, thereby leaving the Ombudsman’s ruling intact and final.

Legal Issues Presented

Macalalag subsequently initiated an action for annulment of judgment before the Court of Appeals on grounds of negligence and incompetence by his former counsel, claiming his day in court had been obstructed. The appellate court, however, dismissed his petition on grounds of lack of jurisdiction, emphasizing that under Section 9 (2) of B.P. Blg. 129, only judgments of Regional Trial Courts fall under its exclusive original jurisdiction.

Court of Appeals Decision

The Court of Appeals reiterated that the jurisdiction over actions for annulment is limited strictly to Regional Trial Court judgments, distinguishing between these and the orders from quasi-judicial bodies like the Ombudsman. Citing Fabian v. Desierto, the court asserted that jurisdiction over reviews of Ombudsman decisions lies exclusively with the Court of Appeals in compliance with Rule 43 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure.

Arguments by the Petitioner

Macalalag contended that the term "Regional Trial Court" in Section 47 of the Rules of Court should encompass quasi-judicial bodies, but the appellate court noted that his interpretation lacked any legal foundation. It clarified that the annulment remedy remains constrained to judgments resulting from civil actions of Regional Trial Courts, and the checks and balances intended to prevent abusive resort to annulment were emphasized.

Finality of Decisions and Limitations

The judgment emphasizes that an action for annulment is an independent remedy and can only proceed under specific conditions such as e

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