Title
Ludovice vs. Caugma
Case
G.R. No. L-22959
Decision Date
Dec 29, 1965
Two equally qualified Senior Legislative Analysts, Ludovice and Caugma, contested a promotion. Caugma, with higher efficiency, seniority, and qualifications, was appointed. Court upheld discretion in promotions, dismissing Ludovice's claim.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-22959)

Facts of the Case

Upon the vacancy in the Assistant Chief Legislative Analyst position, Caugma applied for promotion and received a recommendation for his appointment from the head of the division. In response, Ludovice contended that he had a superior claim to the promotion, prompting the Budget Commissioner to establish a committee to investigate and make recommendations regarding the promotion.

Committee’s Findings

The committee, which submitted its report on March 7, 1962, concluded that both Ludovice and Caugma were equally qualified and eligible for the promotion. However, the committee emphasized that competence should be a primary consideration in the selection process. It noted that the Chief of the Legislative Staff had determined that Caugma was the more competent candidate based on higher efficiency ratings, especially in terms of work quantity and quality. This assessment ultimately supported Caugma's promotion.

Appointment and Legal Proceedings

Following the committee's recommendations, the Budget Commissioner appointed Caugma to the position effective April 1, 1962. This appointment received approval from both the Executive Secretary and the Acting Commissioner of Civil Service despite Ludovice's objections. Consequently, on November 28, 1962, Ludovice filed an action seeking to oust Caugma from his position and compel the issuance and approval of a promotional appointment in favor of himself.

Legal Issue

The central issue in this case is to determine which of the two candidates—Ludovice or Caugma—has a superior right to the position of Assistant Chief Legislative Analyst. Ludovice argued that his seniority among the Senior Legislative Analysts warranted his promotion; however, the committee contradicted this by confirming that both analyzed candidates held the same rank.

Comparative Qualifications

The court found that while Ludovice was indeed ranked senior, Caugma's longer tenure with the Budget

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